100 general provisions

TABLE 706.02-4M
0.3 mm Crack D-Load 140.0 Ultimate Strength D-Load 175.0
Internal Diameter of Pipe mm	Wall Thickness mm	Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe				S-Stirrups
						Minimum Area Per Support Element (mm^2)		Number of Lines^[1]		Longitudinal Spacing (mm)		Circumferential Spacing on Inner Cage (mm)		Minimum Amplitude^[2] of Stirrups (mm)
		Inner Cage (cm^2/m of pipe)		Outer Cage (cm^2/m of pipe)
Concrete Strength 41.4 MPa
150	44		1.5		--
200	44		1.5		--
250	44		1.5		--
1350	138		18.2		13.1
1500	150		20.1		14.4
Concrete Strength 34.5 MPa
1350	138		13.5		10.2		19		15		50		54		67
1500	150		14.8		11.2		19		14		50		37		79
1650	163		16.7		12.5		19		13		50		79		92
1800	175		18.4		14.0		19		12		50		92		105
1950	188		19.5		14.6		20		11		50		105		117
2100	200		21.0		15.7		22		11		50		117		130
2250	200		23.9		18.0		26		11		50		117		130
2400	213		25.4		19.1		29		11		50		130		143
2550	213		28.4		21.2		34		11		50		130		143
2700	225		32.0		23.9		41		11		50		143		156
2850	238		32.0		23.9		41		11		50		156		168
3000	250		34.3		25.6		44		11		50		165		181
3150	263		36.6		27.5		46		11		50		175		194
3200	275		38.9		29.2		49		11		50		184		206
3600	300		44.2		33.2		55		11		50		203		232
[1] Refer to Footnote for Table 706.02-2M.
[2] Refer to Footnote for Table 706.02-2M.

11.1 Perform compression tests on cores according to ASTM C 497 (ASTM C 497M).

11.3 Does not apply.

12 Perform inspection at the project site. Obtain random samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

16 Furnish materials from suppliers certified according to Supplement 1074.

17 In addition, after the capital letter “D,” designate the D-load, the design wall thickness in millimeters (inches expressed as a decimal). Ensure that pipe with S-stirrups have the symbol “S”. Ensure that pipe requiring axis orientation without lift holes (i.e., stirrup pipe, quadrant reinforced pipe, elliptically reinforced pipe) has the centerline of the crown of the pipe marked inside and outside with the symbol “TB”. Mark pipe with quadrant steel with the symbol “Q”. Mark pipe with elliptical reinforcement with the symbol “E”. Mark pipe with deformed wire reinforcement required in the design with the symbol “DF”.

706.03 Reinforced Concrete Pipe, Epoxy Coated. Provide Type A reinforced concrete epoxy coated pipe conforming to 706.02 and Type B conforming to 706.04, with the following modification:

In the plant, prepare the interior barrel and joint surface areas of the concrete pipe to remove all forms of oil, laitance, and other deleterious materials and then line them with a high-build, polyamide-cured, two-component coal tar epoxy coating, Military Specification DOD-P-23236A (SH). Spray the lining compound to obtain a continuous and relatively uniform and smooth lining with a minimum dry film thickness of 0.03 inch (760 m). Ensure that all coated pipe are free of surface irregularities such as air bubbles, delamination, lumping, sagging, blistering, pinholing, or porosity, in the coating film.

706.04 Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe. Provide reinforced concrete elliptical culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe conforming to ASTM C 507 (ASTM C 507M), with the following modifications:

4.1 Delete Class HE-A. Table 706.04-1 includes additional design requirements.

5.1 All materials, processes of manufacture, and finished pipe are subject to inspection and approval by the Department. When directed by the Laboratory, the manufacturer will cut holes in sections of the finished pipe for inspection.

6.2.1 Provide cement according to 701, except 701.07.

6.2.2 Provide fly ash according to 701.

6.3 Provide aggregates conforming to the quality requirements of 703.02.

6.5 Provide steel according 709.08, 709.10, 709.11, or 709.12.

7.2 In addition, manufacture horizontal elliptical pipe HE-II and HE-III using the design requirements of Table 706.04-1.

8.1 In addition, ensure that pipe made in accordance with 706.04-1 has three lines of reinforcement of elliptical shape. Place the outer and inner lines of reinforcement so that the nominal protective covering of the concrete over the reinforcement in the barrel of the pipe is 1 inch (25 mm) subject to the variations permitted in Section 12.5. Ensure that the third or middle line is in contact with and fastened securely to the inner line at the vertical axis of the pipe both top and bottom and to the outer line at the horizontal axis on both sides. Ensure that the length of the middle line is the average of the length of the inner and outer line. Ensure that the middle line is of an elliptical shape and runs smoothly between the specified points of contact with the inner and outer lines.

10 Ensure that no more than two holes are cast, drilled, or otherwise neatly made in the shell of each piece of pipe for the purpose of handling or laying. Taper the holes unless drilled, and before backfilling, fill the tapered holes with portland cement mortar, or secure the precast concrete plugs with portland cement mortar. Fill the drilled holes with portland cement mortar.

11.2 Select the specified number of pipe, as noted in the “Minimum Requirements for Sampling Materials” table, for the purpose of test at the plant and at random from the lot to be shipped or at the project site from the pipe delivered and that are pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under these Specifications. Test pipe according to Section 5.1.1 except the Laboratory may accept pipe 54 inches (1350 mm) and larger in diameter according to Section 5.1.2 and the following requirements:

1. When pipe from a plant has been approved by the Laboratory for a specified design, pipe from the same plant with wall and steel area not less than the approved pipe may be approved by means of tests on cores verifying absorption, strength, wall, and steel area.

2. When it has been established that two or more plants have complied with the above requirements for the class and size under consideration and the plant under consideration has established compliance with the above requirements for an adjacent size, and the wall and steel area are not less than the pipe tested at the two plants.

11.3.1 Ensure that the load to produce a 0.01-inch (0.3 mm) crack and the ultimate load as determined by ASTM C 497 (ASTM C 497M) three-edge bearing method, is not less than shown in Tables 1, 2, and 706.04-1. The ultimate strength test may be waived when the test load on the pipe reaches 115 percent of the required 0.01-inch (0.3 mm) crack D-load without developing a 0.01-inch (0.3 mm) or larger crack.

11.4 Perform compression tests for satisfying the minimum specified concrete strength requirement from cores drilled from the wall of the pipe. Ensure that the diameter of the core is such that the capped height to diameter or L/D ratio lies between one and two. Ensure that the cores are secured, prepared for testing, and tested by methods prescribed in the appropriate sections of ASTM C 497 (ASTM C 497M). Ensure that the compressive strength of each core tested is equal to or greater than the design strength of the concrete. If a core does not meet the required strength, test another core from the same pipe. If this core does not meet the required strength, the Department may reject the pipe. Make additional tests on other pipe to determine the acceptability of the lot. When the cores cut from a section of pipe successfully meet the strength test requirement, ensure that the core holes are plugged and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such that the pipe section will meet all of the test requirements of these Specifications.

11.9 Does not apply.

11.10 Does not apply.

14 Perform inspection at the project site. Obtain random samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the laboratory.

Ensure manufacturers of these materials are certified according to Supplement 1074.

16 In addition, place the plant location on each pipe, and for pipe manufactured to design requirements of 706.04-1 place the letter “A” after the pipe class. Ensure that the markings are legible and indented in the pipe section or painted on with waterproof paint.

Table 706.04-1 Design Requirements for Horizontal Elliptical Pipe
Equivalent Round Size (in)	Rise (in)  Span (in)	Minimum Wall Thickness (in)	Minimum Reinforcement (in^2/ft)
			HE-II	HE-III
			D-Loads
			0.01=1000	0.01 = 1350
			Utl. = 1500	Utl. = 2000
78	63  98	8	3 lines totaling 0.87	3 lines totaling 1.23
84	68  106	8 1/2	3 lines totaling 0.97	3 lines totaling 1.33
90	72  113	9	3 lines totaling 1.03	3 lines totaling 1.43
96	77  121	9 1/2	3 lines totaling 1.13	3 lines totaling 1.54
102	82  128	9 3/4	3 lines totaling 1.23	3 lines totaling 1.70
108	87  136	10	3 lines totaling 1.43	3 lines totaling 1.85
The test load in lb/ft equals D-load x nominal inside span in feet. Concrete strength=5000 psi.

Table 706.04-1M Design Requirements for Horizontal Elliptical Pipe
Equivalent Round Size (mm)	Rise (mm)  Span (mm)	Minimum Wall Thickness (mm)	Minimum Reinforcement (cm^2/m)
			HE-II	HE-III
			D-Loads
			0.03 = 50.0	0.03=65.0
			Utl. = 75.0	Utl.=100.0
1950	1585  2495	200	3 lines totaling 18.4	3 lines totaling 26.0
2100	1705  2690	213	3 lines totaling 20.5	3 lines totaling 28.2
2250	1830  2880	225	3 lines totaling 21.8	3 lines totaling 30.3
2400	1950  3070	238	3 lines totaling 23.9	3 lines totaling 32.6
2550	2075  3265	244	3 lines totaling 26.0	3 lines totaling 36.0
2700	2195  3455	250	3 lines totaling 30.3	3 lines totaling 39.2
The test load in kN/m equals D-load x nominal inside span in mm. Concrete strength=34.5 MPa.

706.05 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections. Provide precast reinforced concrete box section conforming to ASTM C 1577, with the following modifications:

Ensure that manufacturers of precast concrete members are certified by the Laboratory according to Supplement 1073.

6.2.1 Provide cement according to 701, except 701.07.

6.2.2 Provide fly ash according to 701.

6.3 Provide aggregates conforming to the quality requirements of 703.02.

6.5 Provide reinforcement according to 709.10 or 709.12. Provide longitudinal distribution reinforcement according to 709.01, 709.10 or 709.12.

7.1 Only the following sizes are permitted. The box sizes, span by rise, are 8 x 4, 5, 6, 7; 10 x 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; and 12 x 4, 6, 8, 10 feet.

9.1 Provide hardened concrete that contains a minimum of 4 percent entrained air for wet-cast sections with spans less than 14 feet (4200 mm) and for all sections with spans 14 feet (4200 mm) and greater.

9.4 Lift holes are not permitted. Use handling devices that do not require a hole through the box.

10.1 Verify concrete strength using cylinders. Do not ship items before the design strength of the concrete is reached.

11.5 A minimum cover of 1/2 inch (13 mm) over both circumferential and longitudinal reinforcement is required at the mating surfaces of joints.

15 In addition, mark the identification of the plant on each box section. For box sections 14 feet (4200 mm) or greater, mark the reinforcing steel areas for the section on each box section. Place the manufacturers’ name and required product information on the inside of the box section within the top one-half of the culvert.