2011 YÜksek lisans tez özetleri

Studies On The Place, Importance And Contrubutions Of Landscape Architecture In The Context Of Ecological Buildings And Sustainable Architecture

With the reasons of increasing population, manifacturing, industrial developments and forming residences unplanningly; green areas of cities have decreased dramatically and concrete urban areas, appearing after dense structuring, have begun damaging ecological balance. For this cause, whose roots are grounding to ancient times, to first city civilizations; aiming to benefit from the sun passively, together with obeying climate and topographical conditions, leaning to use local materials; approaches of ecological and sustainable architecture gained importance in 20^th century to solve these problems. In this scope, subject of landscape architecture is to contribute into sustainable arhitecture in country, zone, city and structure scales. Particularly, beginning from 1990’s, with the being widespread of ecological structuring in foreing countries and than Türkiye, we have understood the contributions of landscape architecturing on structure scales.

After vital aids of ecological structures to nature, environment and life circulation of livings, it has preferred mostly and have used commonly; for these reasons, to evaulate and measure sustainable structure, green building certification systems have been developed. Most of the countries have set their own ecological building assessing systems, but the LEED of USA and the BREEAM of England have become most popular certification systems. The LEED V3 has 7 structure evaulation criterions, these are “sustainable areas, water fertility, energy and atmosphere, material and resorcues, quality of closed environment, innovasion in design and zonal priority”. Especially sustainable areas, water fertility, energy and atmosphere and material and resorcues are the elements which landscape architecture may help directly. In addition, in the BREEAM evaulation system, there are 9 categories: “management, health and pleasure, energy, intercommunication, water, materials, waste, land usage, ecology and pollution”. Among these, apart from management and health-pleasure, other aspects are about landscape architecture either directly or indirectly. In the context of thesis, to display applicability of these criterions inside structure scale; “Solarkent Social Housing Area” in İstanbul-Esenyurt and the first LEED certificated structure of Türkiye, “Siemens Building” in Kocaeli-Gebze Industrial Zone have been selected as thesis materials and analysed according to the LEED evaluation criterions comparatively.

In the enclosure of this work, historical development process of environment and ecology, dimensions of sustainability, sustainable planning in different scales, some ecological structures examples from Türkiye and other countries of the world and information about contributions of landscape architecturing to sustainable architecture and international ecological structure systems take place. Solarkent Social Housing Area and Siemens Gebze OSB foundations have been compared and their dominant and weak points have been confirmed. For Solarkent Social Housing Area, in the context of aiming to ecological structure and landscape architecture, it has been offered on deficient caegories and coherent to İstanbul climate, natural and exotic ligneous plants, rock garden plants, water garden plants, ivy plants and open area plants and famliy, gradation, demand of form and soil characters of these plants have been observed and listed to be used in herbal landscape.

As a result of this study prepared in the context of the contributions of landscape architecture to ecological structures and sustainable architecture among the possible contributions of the discipline of the landscape architecture to ecological structures can be said roof gardens, green walls, residential environment structural and plant landscaping balcony planting. In addition, landscape architecture contributes sustainable national and regional planning, and sustainable urban development with landscape plans which are prepared in upper levels, biotope maps, and city parks designs etc. The possible contributions of the nature-based landscape architecture as a discipline attempted to explain within thesis scoring the ecological structure and criteria and certificate systems overlaps. In this context, water-saving which is encouraged by these systems, use of renewable energy sources, use of recycled, local, and durable materials, avoidance of construction on the efficient and sensitive areas or areas with dense ecosystem, the discipline of the landscape architecture should contribute to the issues such as the reduction in the emission of carbon dioxide by supporting alternative transportation reduction in the emission of carbon dioxide.

With this research, it has been purpose not only to contribute former works on that topic and to be a resorcue for the thesis, which is done in the future, it has been also investigated in the names of contributions of sustainable architecture and lansdcape architecture; but all related subjects cannot be handle. For this reasons, it will be more beneficial that to work of latter researches on technical analysis of waters, which are saved from buildings and used for watering gardens, natural ponds, renewing and cleaning itself, plants that may be used in these ponds and natural-like gardens, the LEED and the BREEAM and such famous certification systems, aids of lanscape architecture a new grading system for Turkey.