2011 YÜksek lisans tez özetleri

Hydrogeochemical Investigation Of Demijohn Type Spring Waters Produced İn İstanbul

The years of 2009-2010, this study is prepared as a Graduate Thesis at Geological Engineering Division of Science Institute of Istanbul University.

First of all, some information about all the water producers in Istanbul which produce demijohn type of spring water is taken for hydrogeochemical evaluting the natural spring waters of Istanbul. Secondly; general geological, detail geological and hydrogeochemical researches are made in the water basins where water wells belong to only one demijohn type of spring water producer in the Anatolian side (Maltepe) and in the European side (Kemerburgaz) in Istanbul.

In Istanbul, there are 52 water companies which produce demijohn type of spring water, 29 of these companies are in the Anatolian side and 23 of these companies are in the European side. The companies are perceived to intensify in 6 different regions of Istanbul according to their geographic positions. These regions are called as Şile, Çatalca, Aydos, Kurnaköy, Eyüp and Beykoz groups. Some water companies are described as ‘out of groups’ which can’t be included any groups because of their geographic positions.

Geological and enviromental conditions of the 6 different groups are explained by geology maps, satellite photographes and land observations. Label informations on demijohns which belong to the all water companies in Istanbul and chemical parameters of their waters are received. All of them are compared with the drinking and natural spring water limit values [(WHO, 2006), (EPA, 2009), (TS, 266) and (EU, 1998)].

When litologies, where natural spring water discharges, are researched, 43 of these are interacted with sedimentary rocks, 5 of these are interacted with metamorphic rocks and 4 of these are interacted with volcanic rocks. Also, some ions origin with natural and antropogen are over limit values of the drinking and natural spring water. Natural spring waters in Istanbul is seen usually asidic and pH values of spring waters belong to 11 water companies are under the limit values or the same with them.

1/25000 scale of general geology maps are prepared for Kurudere (Kemerburgaz) and Camurluk Brook (Maltepe) water basins which the water wells belong to Hisar Su and Kuvars Su companies. The aquifer rock in Kurudere basin are determined as sandstones and the aquifer rock in Çamurluk Brook basin are determined as quartzarenites.

1/10000 scale of detail geology map is prepared for hydrogeochemical researches around Kuvars and Hisar Su water wells and some rock and soil samples are taken from these locations. Also two natural spring water samples are taken from dry and rainy weather conditions. Major and trace element analysises of rock and soil samples and heavy metal analysises of natural spring water are made in ALS Chemex (Izmir) Laboratory. Rock and soil samples’ XRD and major ion analysises of natural spring water are made in Advanced Analaysises Laboratory (IAL). Thin sections of rock samples are preparated in I.T.U. Geological Engineering Thin Section Preparation Class.

When main ions for spring waters belong to Hisar Su and Kuvars Su, are evaluated with Schoeller Diagram, cation sortings are seen same and anion sortings without some deflections are seen like [r(Na+K)>rCa>rMg, rCl>r(HCO₃)>r(SO₄)]. For Piper diagram, Hisar water is determined as CaHCO₃ type and Kuvars water is determined as mix CaMgCl type waters in dry and rainy weather conditions.

When passing from dry conditions to rainy weather conditions, major ions in Hisar and Kuvars natural spring water samples decrease; however, heavy metals (As, Ba, B, Cu, Pb, Mn, Si and Zn) of the waters increase. Fe values of both spring water are over natural spring water limit values of the TS266 and also Zn values of both spring water are over drinking water limit values of the WHO 2006.