2011 YÜksek lisans tez özetleri

The Investigation Of Relationship Between Spending Useful Energy in Blasting With The Efficiency Of Blasting

The most important results that can be anticipated from a successful blasting can be sorted as eliminating the environmental problems developed in the form of seismic movements and air shock, reducing the costs of production, realizing the planned amounts of production and preventing the hazardous conditions in terms of work safety.

Energy is defines as the ability to do work. So this ability of the explosives is desired to spend to rock fragmentation. The efficient usage of explosive energy is required for a successful blasting design.

A part of the explosive energy (Eexp), (Efrag), is consumed for the rock fragmentation by exerting the pressure on the rocks, another part, (Ekin), is consumed for the movement of the rock in cases which it is insufficient for breakage and movement, another part, (Esis), is spent as seismic energy through the rock and the rest of the energy, (Enm), is released to atmosphere as heat, light and noise. In accordance with principle of conservation of energy, the total of these consumed energies should be equal to the chemical energy of the explosive material at the beginning.

Akyol Quarry in Catalca Region, Haktaş Quarry in Cebeci Region and Akdaglar Quarry in Cendere Region of Istanbul were chosen as study areas for this study. 14 shots in Akyol Quarry, 4 shots in Akdaglar Quarry and 2 shots in Haktaş Quarry were followed.

The energy consumptions for each component were calculated, considering the useful work for these components in four shots in Akyol Quarry, one shot in Haktaş Quarry and 2 shots in Akdağlar Quarry.

Data from field and laboratory studies and also accepted approaches and correlations in the literature are used during calculations. Blasting patterns for each shot were observed and bench profile was determined before the blasting. 99 different located events in 20 shots were recorded with vibration monitor during the blasting.

Kinetic action was observed and recorded with high definition camera to determine the kinetic energy in carefully analysed seven shots. After each shot, photos were taken from the muckpile and they were analyzed for particle size distribution with digital image analysis to determine the energy share for fragmentation. The records which were taken with vibrating monitor analyzed carefully to determine seismic energy.

Laboratory experiments (fracture toughness, density, p wave velocity, point load test) were carried out to determine the rock parameters to use in these analyses. As the result of the studies, energy distributions in seismic energy, kinetic energy, fragmentation energy were determined and energy rates which can do useful work were calculated for the carefully analyzed seven shots. Thus, it was determined that energy share used for fragmentation was at very low levels except the shot which was made in Haktaş Quarry, despite that the energy share consumed for seismic energy values was much more.