~280 persons – ~100 permanent researchers and staff – ~180 PhD students 2 departments

Large bandwidth communications

• Optical fiber
• 3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMax
• WiFi Direct

Geopositioning

• GPS/Galileo
• GSM

Technological Evolutions (Cont’d)

• Super computing

• Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar (224162 cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)):
• Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?)

• Super storage

• Key: ~GB
• Disk: ~TB
• Data Center: ~PB

• Micro-Nano technologies

• Sensors – Sensor networks

• Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop → smartphone

Software Evolutions

• Cloud computing

• Social networks

• Services - SOA

• E-Services

• Mobility (M-services)

• Object  Service / Service  Object

• All digital, any where, any time Era

• « The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it »

• [The objective of pervasive computing is to ] “ … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.”

• “Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people.”

• « A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background »

• Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991-

Vision (Cont’d)

• [M. Satyanarayanan, 2001]

• Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes ‘a technology that disappears’ »
• So:
• “Smart” spaces
• “Invisibility” and transparency
• Scalability

Visions (Cont’d))

• « I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… »

• « I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time

• « Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers

• What about security/privacy ???

The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system

• The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system

• smart objects / smart everything
• active objects

• « Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information

• « Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment

• « Ego » is part of the context

• « Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize:

• autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…)
• spontaneously

• Ecosystem

Sensor networks (smart dust)

• Sensor networks (smart dust)

• Home networks

• Patient monitoring (personal area networks)

• Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring

• Museums and pervasive buildings

• Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET

• Alert management (parking, kids, etc.)

• Supply chain

• …

Society and RFID

• Society and RFID

• Personal data spaces

• Web of things

• Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O)

• The never lasting intelligent fridge ?
• Maintenance – Supply chain
• « Intelligent » sensors networks

U-Society

• U-Society

• People to People (P2P): Facebook on your telefonino
• People to Object (P2O): Pachube
• Geopositioned Services: App Store

• Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ?

• « Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ?

• Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ?

An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961))

• An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961))

• A supposed to be user centered vision

• managing a computer is exhausting
• the user does not care about the system components: the user just want his problem to be solved
• eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management
• allow the user benefit from economies of scale

• A business vision

• a small set of computing power providers
• a global market
• an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ?
• for the best of the big companies