A study op inseryice educ a hon and classroom practices un azerbaijan: into

A . .	NA I)	NA (I
NA l.o
Russia	7 ■	0	0	" 1.0 -
Misc.	1	o .	0	1.0
Writing workshop	Writing assignments are infrequent and are focused on from.	Writing assignments often emerge from critical thinking.	Writing assignments closely reflect critical thinking activities: focus is increasingly on content and audience.
A/eri	4	J	0	1.4
English	2	o	0	1.0
Math	3	5	0	~> 2
Reading Russia	1 8	1 2	Ü 0	1.5
Misc.	NA	NA	NA	NA

t the secondary level, median ratings generally ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 on a scale from one (low) to three (high), with a few isolated teachers scoring a higher levels on some elements (see fable 3). These results again indicated that most teachers were using methodologies from the Soviet era. Teachers of Azeri language and literature, biology, history, and Russian language and literature tended to use more higher order questions than teachers in the other subject areas. Teachers of geography used multiple sources of data more than teachers in other fields, most of which were maps and globes. Teachers of mathematics tended to use writing assignments emerging from critical thinking activities more than other teachers, a somewhat surprising finding in that subject area.

A
Table 3

Classroom Observations Categorized by Subject Area: Secondary Level

Element	Rubric level 1	Rubric level 2	Rubric level 3	Median
Cognitive	Asks mainly	Beginning to	Regularly
level of	recall and	intersperse	formulates
questions	memory type	comprehension	questions at all
	questions, with	level questions	levels of
	focus on	in most lessons.	Bloom's
	recitation and		taxonomy
	correctness.		;most are
			open-ended
			and higher
			order.
Azeri.	13	8	0	1.3
Biology	9	4	0	1.2
Chemistry	5	0	0	1.0
English	16	1	0	1.0
Geography	16	1	0	1.0
History	11	8	1	1.4
Math	22	2	0	1.0
Physics	8	3	0	1.2
Russian	15	5	0	1.2
Misc.	4	1	0	1.1
Managing	Requires	Accepts	Accepts
pupil	recitation of	alternate	widely
responses	correct answer.	answers with	divergent
		evidence.,	answers and
		encourages and	both correct
		values creative	and incorrect
		thinking. ■	answers.
Azeri.	19	2	0	1.1
Biology	12	1	0	1.0
Chemistry	5	0	0	1.0
English	15	2	0	1.1
Geography	16	1	0	1.0
History	17	2	1	i.l
Math	24	0	0	1.0
Physics	10	0	0	1.0
Russian	17	2	0	1.1

lan N. CRAWFORD

Misc.	4	1	0	I.I
Providing	Provides single	Occasional 1	pften
multiple data	data or	y provides	provides
sources	information	additional data	additional data
	source, usually a	source.	sources and
	common		sometimes
	textbook .		encourages
			students to
			locate their
			own.
Azeri.	20	1	0	I.I
Biology	II	2	0	I.I
Chemistry	5	0	0	1.0
English	15	2	0	I.I
Geography	12	5	0	1.2
History	18	1	1	1.1
Math	21	1	0	1.1
Physics	11	0	0	1.0
Russian	15	. 4	0	I.I
Misc.	3	1	1	1.3
Use of wait	Rarely provides	Often provides	Usually
time	wait time for	wait time for	provides wait
	pupils unable to	pupils unable to	for pupils
	respond in class,	respond in class;	unable to
	interrupts pupil	occasionally	respond in
	responses.	interrupts pupil	class, rarely
		responses.	interrupts
			pupil
			responses.