17. In many African
and Latin American countries, the
rate of population growth
appears to be constant or
even rising, but in Asia, there are signs that the
growth rate has peaked and is now declining. The
different experiences may reflect differences in
government policies: in 1980
a quarter of less
developed countries had no official
family planning
programme. The success stories involve India, where,
in 1980, 23 per cent of married women used
contraceptives and the birth rate fell from 4.4 to 3.6
per cent per annum between 1960 and 1980. The
successful
cases show what can be done,
but private
incentives and attitudes still favour large families in
many poor societies; so, simply
providing facilities for
family planning may not be enough.
In accordance with the passage, one reason
why family planning in many less developed
countries has failed is that _____.
A) contraceptives have only
been supplied to married
women
B) the use of contraceptives puts a strain on the
family budget
C) married women have not been taught how to use
contraceptives
D) governments have
been unable to sponsor birth
control policies
E) people prefer to have large families
18. In many African and Latin American countries, the
rate of population growth appears to be constant or
even rising, but in Asia, there are signs that the
growth rate has peaked and is now declining. The
different experiences may reflect differences in
government policies: in 1980 a quarter of less
developed countries had no official family planning
programme. The success stories involve India, where,
in 1980, 23 per cent of married women used
contraceptives and the birth rate fell from 4.4 to 3.6
per cent per annum between 1960 and 1980. The
successful cases show what can be done, but private
incentives and attitudes still favour large families in
many poor societies; so, simply providing facilities for
family planning may not be enough.
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