Acknowledgements endorsements Background methodology executive Summary 11 Recommendations 22 Article — general obligations 38



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CRPD Civil Society Report on Australia

Table of Contents








TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements 1

Endorsements 3

Background 5

methodology 7

Executive Summary 11

Recommendations 22

Article 4 — GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 38

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 38

No Legislation to Enact the CRPD 38

Disability Discrimination Legislation 38

National Disability Strategy 38

National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) 38

Engagement with People with Disability through their Representative Organisations 38

National and State Disability Advocacy Programs 39

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 4 39

Article 5 — Equality and non-DISCRIMINATION 41

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 41

Limitations of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) 42

A Failure to Address Intersectional Discrimination 42

Ineffective Complaints Process 43

Lack of Protection for Systemic Discrimination 44

Lack of Protection against Vilification and Hate Crimes (see also Articles 15 and 16) 45

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 5 45



Article 6 — wOMEN WITH dISABILITIES 46

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 46

Situation and Data about Girls and Women with Disability in Australia 46

Non-Therapeutic Sterilisation against Girls and Women with Disability (see Article 23) 47

Violence (see Article 16) 47

Discrimination and Inadequate Access to Healthcare (see Articles 23 and 25) 47

Discrimination in Employment and Remuneration (see Articles 27 and 28) 47

Overrepresentation and Treatment in the Prison System (see Articles 13 and 15) 47

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 6 48

Article 7 — Children with Disabilities 49

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 49

National Human Rights Protection 49

Freedom to Express Views Freely 50

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Young People with Disability 50

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 7 51



Article 8 — Awareness-raising 53

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 53

The Media 54

RECOMMENDATION Article 8 56



Article 9 — Accessibility 57

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 57

Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport 2002 57

Barriers to Public transport 58

The Disability (Access to Premises — Building) Standards 2010 59

Accessibility and Australian Regulations and Policy 59

Digital Communication and Information (see also Article 21) 60

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 9 60



Article 10 — right to life 61

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 61

No Legislated Right to Life 61

Lower Life Expectancy 61

Deaths in Residential Disability and Aged Care Facilities 62

Denial of Life Saving Measures 63

Discriminatory Sentencing in Murder Cases 64

High Rates of Suicide 64

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 10 65

Article 11 — Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies 66

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 66

Inaccessible Early Warning Systems (EWS) 67

Inaccessible Emergency Facilities 67

Lack of Inclusive Disaster Preparedness Planning and Consultation 67

Lack of Inclusive Planning in Reconstruction Efforts 68

Lack of Coordination 68

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 11 69



Article 12 — Equal recognition before the law 70

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 70

Australia’s Interpretative Declaration on Article 12 70

Discriminatory Laws, Policies and Practice 71

Guardianship, Estate Management and Mental Health Laws 72

Inadequacy of Administrative Arrangements 73

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 12 73

Article 13 — Access to justice 75

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 75

Legal Representation 76

Cost Barriers (See also Article 5) 77

Systemic Barriers 78

Reasonable Accommodation 79

Over-Representation in the Prison System 80

Over-Representation in the Juvenile Justice System 81

Trial by Jury 82

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 13 83



Article 14 — Liberty and security of the person 84

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 84

Guardianship Laws 84

Mental Health Laws and Tribunals 84

Arbitrary Detention in Prisons 86

Arbitrary Arrest and Detention (see also Article 13) 87

Rights in the Prison System 88

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 14 90



Article 15 — Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment 91

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 91

Restrictive Practices 92

Disability Service System 94

Mental Health Service System 96

Restrictive Practices in Schools (see also Article 24) 97

In Prisons (see also Articles 13 and 14) 97

Juvenile Justice (see also Article 13) 99

Immigration Detention Centres 100

Medical or Scientific Experimentation Without Free and Informed Consent 101

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 15 101

Article 16 — Freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse 103

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 103

General Legal and Policy Framework 103

Incidence Data, Identification and Reporting 105

Institutions and Residential Care Facilities 108

Mental Health Services 110

In the Education System 111

Social Protection Measures and Support Programs 111

Domestic Violence Services 112

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 16 113



Article 17 — Protecting the integrity of the person 115

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 115

Australia’s Interpretative Declaration on Article 17 115

Involuntary Mental Health Treatment 117

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 17 120

Article 18 — LIBERTY OF MOVEMENT AND NATIONALITY 122

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 122

Australia’s Interpretative Declaration on Article 18 122

Failure to Consider the Potential Contribution of People with Disability 123

Mandatory HIV Testing 124

Lack of Freedom for People with Disability to Move within Australia 126

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 18 126

Article 19 — Living independently and being included in the community 128

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 128

General Legal and Policy Framework 128

Supported Accommodation, Residential Institutions and Other Specific Purpose Arrangements 129

Younger People Placed in Nursing Homes 131

Unavailable and Inadequate Housing and Supports (see also Articles 18, 20, 26 and 28) 132

Lack of Adequate, Accessible Social and Public Housing 134

Private Rental Housing and Home Ownership 136

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 19 137

Article 20 — Personal mobility 139

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 139

Program Funding and Access 139

Development of Assistive Devices, Aids and Equipment 141

People with Disability Living in Remote and Rural Areas 142

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 20 142



Article 21— Freedom of expression and opinion and access to information 144

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 144

Policy Framework 144

Government Information 145

Government Consultation Processes 147

No Official Recognition of Sign Languages 147

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 21 147

Article 22 — Respect for privacy 149

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 149

General Legislative Framework 149

Privacy Concerns arising from the Interaction of Government Agencies and e-health 150

A Lack of Respect for Privacy in Residential Care Facilities and Group Homes 150

Disclosure of “Disability” in Employment 151

Lack of Privacy Acts as Deterrent to the Making of Complaints 151

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 22 151



Article 23 — Respect for Home and the Family 152

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 152

Legal and Policy Framework 152

Non-Therapeutic Sterilisation 153

Removal of Children from Parents with Disability 154

Reproductive Freedom, Family Planning and Right to Parent 156

Coerced Abortions 157

Unequal Access to Adoption 157

Right to Sex and Relationships 158

Right of Children with Disability to Live in a Family 159

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 23 160

Article 24 — Education 162

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 162

General Legal and Policy Framework 162

Incidence of Educational Disadvantage 163

‘Special’ or Segregated Schools 163

Inclusive Mainstream Primary and Secondary Schools 165

Restrictive Practices, Bullying and Inappropriate Discipline 167

Inadequate Funding and Support Arrangements 168

Tertiary Education 169

Lack of Trained Teachers and Education Professionals 170

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 24 171

Article 25 — Health 173

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 173

Affordability of Health Care 173

Access Barriers 174

Population–Based Public Health Programs Fail to Include People with Disability 174

Women 175

Lack of Disability Specific Health Services 176

Lack of Services for People with a Psychosocial Disability 176

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Failure to Prevent Secondary Disabilities 177

Quality of Care, Communication and Training 177

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 25 178

article 26 — HABILITATION AND REHABILITATION 179

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 179

Access to Therapy or Allied Health Services 179

Underfunding of Disability Services 180

Health Services and Rehabilitation Programs 180

Rural Areas 181

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 181

People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds 182

People with Psychosocial Disability 182

Data Limitations 183

Aids and Equipment 183

Staff Training 183

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 26 184

Article 27 — Work and employment 185

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 185

Mainstream or Open Employment Support 187

Segregated Employment 189

Women with Disability 190

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 27 191



Article 28 — Adequate standard of living and social protection 192

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 192

Impairment Ratings Exclude Certain Disability Types 193

Waiting Period for Immigrants 194

Ensuring an Adequate Standard of Living 195

Lack of Measures Taken to Recognise the Connection between Poverty and Disability 196

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 28 197

aRTICLE 29 — PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL AND PUBLIC LIFE 198

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 198

Exclusion from the Electoral Roll 198

Lack of Access to Secret Ballots 199

Inability to Access Postal Voting 201

Inaccessible Voting Locations and Information 201

Disenfranchisement of People with Disability 203

Absence of People with Disability in Representative Government Capacity 203

Insufficient Government Support to Representative Disability Organisations 204

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 29 204



Article 30 — Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport 206

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 206

Inaccessible Cultural Events, Performances and Materials 206

Lack of Opportunities to Develop Creative Endeavours 208

Inaccessible Tourism Services and Facilities 208

Low Participation Rates in Sport and Recreation 209

Friendship and Social Connections 210

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 30 210



Article 31 — statistics and data collection 211

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 211

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 31 212

Article 32 — International cooperation 213

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 213

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 32 214

Article 33 — National implementation and monitoring 215

STATUS IN AUSTRALIA 215

RECOMMENDATIONS Article 33 216

AbBreviations 218




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