Acronyme du projet/ Acronym of the project

6.Justification Scientifique et Financière des moyens demandés / Financial and Scientific justification for the mobilisation of the resources

6.1.Justification des moyens demandés (sur 10 ans) / Justification for the mobilisation of the resources

Contrary to standard ANR or EU projects, where required funding corresponds to a precise evaluation of the cost of a focused research project, we consider labex funding to be more “impact money”, to be used along the time for transforming the nanosciences research on the plateau de Saclay towards excellence in research, education and innovation. The emerging projects call, or the innovation projects calls, , are exemples of impact funding. Rather than defining precisely in advance the exact type of funding that will be necessary, we have rather described in part 5.2.4 a Governance and procedures that will ensure optimum use of the labex funding. In particular, we plan a strict management of the funds that will allow to start several projects in parallel with annual funding to each.

Hence not all funding aspects can be exactly defined to date, we propose here a previsionnal budget that precises as much as possible the identified needs for the next 4 years, in particular for the initial flagship projects which have been extensively discussed.

Here is first a number of budget items that will be kept throughout the project:

• 
  PhD grant : a three year contact for a total cost of 100k€, in line with EU or CNRS doctoral grants « single activity ». Of course students will be allowed to apply for complementary activities, as for regular PhD grants.
  
• 
  post-doctoral position : also called ESR (Early Stage Researcher) positions, they should be reserved to applicants with at most 2 years research after PhD. The cost for one year is estimated to 60k€, including 48k€ of salary (a good level for attractivity compared to EU grants for instance) and 12k€ of consumable and Small (<4k€) support. For maximum attractivity towards best students, we will ensure, by full or co-funding, that applicants will be proposed at least 2 to 3 years of ESR grant.
  
• 
  junior chair : the objective is to attract the best young researchers at ER (Experienced Researcher) level (between 3 and 8 years of research expérience after PhD), and give them an optimized situation for building a team and preparing a recruitment on a permament position at equivalent DR2 CNRS level. We will certainly have to adapt the exact package to each situation, but an average package could be :
  
  • 
    4 years guarranted salary for the appliquant, for a cost of 69 k€/year
    
  • 
    3 years of post-doctoral salary at 48k€/year, expected start in October of the junior chair recruitment year. Such long duration is necessary to allow for initial setting of the new group.
    
  • 
    one PhD grant for a total cost of 100k€, expected to start start in October one year after the junior chair recruitment, when the new group can be expected to be fully operational.
    
  • 
    an equipment package of 100k€ at start and 30k€ on the second year
    
  • 
    a consumable support of respectively 15, 20, 20 and 20k€ for each year from the recruitement.
    

This however can be seen as a mimum package, as cofunding will be highly encouraged. After the global research area will have been defined by the Scientific and Steering Committee (for instance, Reliability of nanoproducs, or Toxicology of nanomaterials), the selection of the junior chair will take into account possible cofunding by the host institution, companies, and the plan that will be proposed by the host institution to stabilize the chair position after 4 years.

• 
  Nanoschool animator: to stabilize the excellent work started within the NanoINNOV 2009 initiative, it seems mandatory to have at the project level a position of trained animator to talke care of the organization of the visits of labex researchers in high schools, and more generally all actions related to presenting nanosciences to the general audiences (cf part 5.2.3 and 5.2.5). We plan a recruitement at post-doctoral level (48 k€/year) of a PhD student that would be motivated by starting a non researcher carreer within research world.
  
• 
  

  Cost distribution	2011	2012	2013	2014
  Scientific projects
  NanoElec	180	200	210	210
  NanoMed	205	225	210	165
  NanoPhot	205	225	210	165
  Emergence/Shared costs	200	200	200	200
  Junior Chair n°1		144	176	172
  Junior Chair n°2 (starting in 2015)
  Educational project
  NanoSchool Assistant	48	48	48	48
  Equipement for nanoschool, nanosafety, practical training	100	100	100	100
  Excellence Internship program (10 grants of 5k€ each year)	50	50	50	50
  Student Chapter (20x2.5 k€ grants)	50	50	50	50
  Running costs and small equipement	15	15	15	15
  Valorisation/Exploitation
  Patent/valorization Engineer	52	52	52	52
  Annual calls (2 calls per year, 1/2 projects/call)	150	150	150	150
  Governance
  Cost of annual Steering Committee meeting	6	6	6	6
  Consumables and small equipment for the Governance	15	15	15	15
  Support to Platforms	200	200	200	200
  TOTAL/year :	1476	1680	1692	1598
  Average/year on the 4 years :	≈1600

  Patent engineer: the comment that we hear most from our colleagues, when we discuss about valorization of research, is that it is extremely difficult and time consuming for a young researcher in particular to write a good patent, that protects key issues while taking perfectly into account the known anteriority in the field. We believe that having a trained specialist in the labex that would rapidly gained a good knowledge of the nanoscience domain specificities would not only boost the number of patents filed, but would even more increase their efficiency. This engineer would finally play an interfacing role between the researchers and the innovation support tools already existing wth the institutions (CNRS, CEA, Schools, Incuballiance,..), or being set with the “Investissement d’Avenir” on the Saclay area (IRT SystemX, SATT). We a recruitement at CNRS eq. research engineer level with 5 to 10 years experience, for a cost of 52k€/year.
  

Before detailing below what the specific costs are, in particular for the research projects, we give in the table below a view of what could look like the budget (k€TTC) distribution of the first 4 years of the project, assuming a recuitment of Junior chairs in Year 2 and year 5 (after mid-term).

We have checked that such funding rate of 1.6 M€TTC/year in average would allow to maintain our actions, including the recruitement of a second Junior Chair in 2015.

This however can only be taken as a previsionnal « typical » budget, as we claim that the principle itself of a Labex such as Nano-Saclay requires maximum flexibility. Procedures to select projects and scientific evolutions should be left freedom of choice to be able to pinpoint the best projects.

For instance, we have also tested a different scenario that, after major initial effort on equipment in Educational projects, would rather decrease this effort to shift to advance the recruitment of the second Chair to 2013, or even complete by recruitment of a third chair on a different subject in 2015. Different scenarios valid for the same budgets will be presented at the first kick off meeting of the Steering Committee, and kept alive with annual validation after advice from the Scientific Committee.

6.1.1Projet de recherche/ Research project

The nano-Saclay labex has defined three Flagship research domains, where a Board was constituted to decide the orientations and projects for the first 4 years. Each domain having its specific requirement, depending on its present level of funding (ERC, EU projects, ANRs, …) and its specific development needs, we have copied here below three tables explainng for each Flagship domain the details of their annual funding plan

Flagship ProjectA: Nanoelectronics
	2011	2012	2013	2014
Sub-project 1			50	50	subcontracting to CMOS foundry
Sub-project 2			60	60	2 years of post doctoral grant, Phys./Chem. interface
Sub-project 3	50	50			2 years of post doctoral grant, Phys./Chem. interface
Sub-project 4		70	30		Equipment: extending a deposition cluster
Animation	5	5	5	5	Domain seminar organization
Workshop	110			80	Workshops organized for each sub-project
Invited researchers		60	50		3 invited researchers (3 to 6 months stays)
Travel	15	15	15	15	travel: international dissemination on project advancement
Total/year	180	200	210	210
Total/4 years	800

Flagship Project B Nanomedicine
	2011	2012	2013	2014
Post-doc (initial)	60	60	60
Initial Investment
Laser light scattering for nanoparticles size measurement	65
Ultracentrifuge for nanoparticles isolation	50
Post-doc (start year N+1)		60	60
Post-doc (start year N+2)			60	60
Investment (to be defined)		75		75
Consumables, running costs, conferences, workshop organization	30	30	30	30
Total:	205	225	210	165
Total 4 years:	805

Flagship project C Nanophotonics
	2011	2012	2013	2014
Post-doc (initial)	60	60	60
Initial Investment
Electronic controller for the nanoactuator project	35
White laser for the nanosource project	80
Post-doc (start year N+1)		60	60
Post-doc (start year N+2)			60	60
Investment running)		75		75
Consumables, running cost, conferences, workshop organization	30	30	30	30
Total:	205	225	210	165
Total 4 years:	805

Emerging research projects will benefit from annual calls up to 200k€, devoted to short projects (maximum 2 years) meant to accelerate the obtention of first results and proof of concept. This should ensure that those projects will then be in position to compete successfully for standard calls of NAR or EU or other. Every two years, the project will have either mid term reviews of Flagship Projects, or renewal of thèse project. It can be anticipated that very successful emerging projects will either integrate a running Flagship project at mid-term, participating to scientific reorientation of the Flagship domain, or more likely that the renewal of the Flagship projects at 4 years will be based in part on the most successful emerging projects. This mechanism should ensure constant internal eveluation of the project advancement, with annual review by the Scientific Committee and validation by the Steering Commitee.

By principle, it is not possible to detail at this moment the requirements of the emerging projects that will be selected each year. It is anticipated that the budget will primarily concern salaries of post-docs, plus small equipment to quickly upgrade an existing equipment to verify a given assumption. A distribution 120 k€ post doc/80k€ equipement can be expected from previous similar expérience at C’Nano IdF and RTRA Triangle de la Physique.

Équipement / Equipement (coût unitaire supérieur à 4000 euros HT)

Flagship project A: The only equipment in these 4 years will be the extension of a deposition cluster to take in charge new materials and enhanced deposition conditions. The cost is estimated to succesively 70k€ in 2012 and 30k€ in 2013, exact cost cannot be given in advance as it will result from a negotiation with an equipemnt manufacturer, together with preliminary design from the technical team of the host laboratory (LPS).

Flagship project B : The Laser light scattering for nanoparticles size measurement (65k€) and Ultracentrifuge for nanoparticles isolation (50k€) are two key equipements immediately needed to start the projects. They are linked to new orientations (and move to Sacaly) of the PCPB team, together with its partners in the B. Their uses and needs are described in the extended project description in Annex 7.2.

Flagship project C : The Electronic controller for the nanoactuator project (35k€) and White laser for the nanosource project (80k€) are also two key equipments immediately needed to start the projects. Their uses and needs are described in the extended project description in Annex 7.2.

As mentionned above, we expect that the emerging projects will require every year in average from 60 to 80k€ of equipement, mostly to fund quick performance extension of existing équipements for a well focused objective.

Personnel / Personnel cost

Post-doctoral Researchers in projects A, B and C will be affected to interfaces between new collaborations, and in particular when multidisciplinarity will need to be supported.

For each case, it twill be proposed a two years post-doc position (salary cost 50k€), the optimal duration to our knowledge for both the benefit of the young researcher, of the host team. A two years position will indeed greatly contribute to attract best Young researchers.

Depending on urgency of new developments in each project, the table above gives for each project the anticipated Schedule of post-doc hiring.

For emerging projects, we expect also 12 to 18 or 24 months of post-doc or engineer position (for instance when a quick expérimental development will be required).

The Flagship project A also demands funding for a few invited professors (3 to 6 months) during the project. This is a key issue for developing and maintaining collaborations at a high level, in particular with USA University professors than can easily take 3 months leave of absence.

Prestation de service externe / Subcontracting

Designers of subproject 1 “A new paradigm in nanodesign: memristors” will initially concentrate on building model of nanodevices (in parallel with device development) and integrating these models in design software (CADENCE/SPICE) for extended simulations. WE estimate that after two years they will be ready to start development of demonstrator chips “above CMOS”. The realisation of the CMOS based will be subcontrated to a CMOS foundry in a multiproject wafer operation driven by the CMP laboratory in Grenoble, a service unit of CNRS and UJF developed for this use. Partners of the consortium have an extended experience of such actions. We anticipate a cost of about 50k€ per demonstrator

Missions/ Travel

Travel costs detailed in tables above will be essentially used for dissemination purposes such as participation to international conferences.

Dépenses justifiées sur une procédure de facturation interne/ Expenses for inward billing (Costs justified by internal procedures of invoicing)

The funding mentioned as “Support to Platforms” in the global cost table page 115 is designed to lower the costs of access to large scale technology faclities such as that in IEF and LPN, or to install and help maintaining the plaforms on nanocharacterization that are to be opened within the Nano-INNOV initiative in the new building to be open in 2011. We plan to discuss the attribution every year in front of the Steering Committee, upon proposition from the Coordination of the Labex.

Autres dépenses de fonctionnement/ Other working costs

All three Flagship projects plan to organize workshops, either national, or, in the case of Project A, international with invitation of high profile scientists.

The objective of these workshops is essentially to contribute to dissemination of Nano-Sacaly results, and initiate roadmaping of future trends in each domain by discussion with extrenal particpants. The estimated costs are given in the tables for each projects.

6.1.2Projet pédagogique/ Educational project

In this expense item we include not only the effort on Higher Education, but also on NanoSchool (attractivity), NanoSafety and NanoSociety presented in this document.

The Nano-Saclay project is doing a major effort on these issues (17% of our budget) because we believe that, as explained in our 5.1 state of the art, the case of nanotechnologies is unique as well for the societal connexion as for the economic potential if we can have enough trained engineers in the very short term.

Équipement / Equipement (coût unitaire supérieur à 4000 euros HT)

The equipement (100k€) to be acquired, together with co-funding sources, will be decided every year and will cover several aspects:

• 
  the will to acquire a full set of mobile equipments for helping researchers to connect to High school students, society, etc..
  
• 
  the necessity to upgrade constantly the equipments needed to provide High quality practical training in Universities and Schools Partner of the project. For instance ; IEF has a 90m2clean room dedicated to traing, with a full set of microfabrication and characterization equipments
  
• 
  the nanosafety issues explained above will also require acquisition of tests equipments, in particular if we wish to participate to norm definitons (at least marginally)
  

Personnel / Personnel cost

An engineer position to maintain the NanoSchool effort explained in the Attractivity paragraph, and started within the NanoINNOV initiative (which pays such an engineer), seems mandatory. Its cost as been explained in introduction to this part 6.

Autres dépenses de fonctionnement/ Other working costs

A small running cost of 15k€/year seems necessary to orgnaize meetings, worshop, consultancies on the issues assembled in this paragraph.

The internship program has been explained in detail in the higher education part, as was the proposed ceration of Education chapter

6.1.3Valorisation/ Exploitation of results

Personnel / Personnel cost

The cost of the patent engineer, and its purpose, have been explaine in the introiduction.

Because the cost of the valorization project that we will examine every 6 months cannot be really anticipated, with many possibilities, we cannot really describe how the 200k€/year will be managed. Probably, a mixture of Engineer salary and Small equipments for accelerating developments.

6.1.4Gouvernance/ governance

We estimate that the present services of the laboratories (an in particular IEF, LPN and CEA-IRAMIS@NanoScalay who will finally share a new location) can manage the overcharge of the NanSaclay project. Hence remaining costs bear on running costs ‘(invitations, travels, small equipment (computing and peripherals), plus the cost of organizing the refereeing of project every time external referees will be required, and finally the cost of organization of Scientifc Committees meeting (travels costs and lodging of the members). We anticipate an annual running cost maintained below 21 k€ for the two items, cf global table.