Additional protocol to the Agreement between the Republic of Austria, the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Repu

_{0>Explanatory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ spjegazzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>The items listed in this section either come into direct contact with the UF₆ process gas or directly control the flow within the cascade._<}89{>L-oġġetti elenkati f’din it-taqsima li jiġu jew f’kuntatt dirett mal-gass tal-proċess UF₆ jew jikkontrollaw direttament il-kurrent fil-kaskata._{<0} {0>}All surfaces which come into contact with the process gas are wholly made of or protected by UF₆-resistant materials._<}89{>L-uċuħ kollha li jiġu f’kuntatt mal-gass tal-proċess huma kollha magħmula jew protetti bil-materjali reżistenti għal UF₆-._{<0} {0>}For the purpose of the section relating to aerodynamic enrichments items, the materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆ include copper, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60 % or more nickel and UF₆-resistant fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers._<}85{>Għall-għan ta’ din it-taqsima dwar l-oġġetti tisħiħ aerjodinamiku, il-materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni bil-UF₆ inkluż ir-ramm, l-azzar li ma jisaddadx, l-aluminju, liegi ta’ l-aluminju, nijkil jew liegi li jkun fihom 60 % jew aktar nijkil u materjal reżistenti għal UF₆ kollha magħmula minn polimeri florinati idrokarboniċi._<0}

5.5.1. _{0>Separation nozzles _<}0{>Iż-żenuni tas-separazzjoni _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared separation nozzles and assemblies thereof._<}0{>Iż-żenuni tas-separazzjoni u l-assemblaġġi tagħhom li huma mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali._{<0} {0>}The separation nozzles consist of slit-shaped, curved channels having a radius of curvature less than 1 mm (typically 0,1 to 0,05 mm), resistant to corrosion by UF₆ and having a knife-edge within the nozzle that separates the gas flowing through the nozzle into two fractions._<}0{>Iż-żenuni tas-separazzjoni jikkonsistu minn kanali milwija, li għandhom radius tat-tundjatura inqas minn 1 mm (tipikament 0,1 sa 0,05 mm), reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆ u għandhom tarf jaqta’ fiż-żenuna li tissepara l-kurrent tal-gass fiż-żenuna f’żewġ frazzjonijiet._<0}

5.5.2. _{0>Vortex tubes _<}0{>It-tubi vortex _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared vortex tubes and assemblies thereof._<}80{>It-tubi vortex u l-assemblaġġi tagħhom li huma mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali._{<0} {0>}The vortex tubes are cylindrical or tapered, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆, having a diameter of between 0,5 cm and 4 cm, a length to diameter ratio of 20:1 or less and with one or more tangential inlets._<}0{>It-tubi vortex huma ċilindriċi jew għal ponta, magħmula minn jew protetti mill-materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆, u għandhom id-dijametru ta’ bejn 0,5 cm u 4 cm, ir-ratio tat-tul għad-dijametru ta’ 20:1 jew inqas u b’inlet tanġenzali waħda jew iżjed._{<0} {0>}The tubes may be equipped with nozzle-type appendages at either or both ends._<}0{>Dawn it-tubi jistgħu jkunu mgħammra b’appendiċi tat-tip taż-żennuna f’kull wieħed miż-żewġt itruf.<sub><0}

{0></sub>Explanatory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ spjegazzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>The feed gas enters the vortex tube tangentially at one end or through swirl vanes or at numerous tangential positions along the periphery of the tube._<}0{>Il-gass li jidħol fit-tubi vortex tanġenzali f’tarf wieħed jew minn swirl vanes jew f’numru ta’posizzjonijiet tanġenzali tul il-periferija tat-tubi._<0}

5.5.3. _{0>Compressors and gas blowers _<}100{>Kompressuri u dawk li jonfħu l-gass _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared axial, centrifugal or positive displacement compressors or gas blowers made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆ and with a suction volume capacity of 2 m3/min. or more of UF₆/carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) mixture._<}0{>Axial, mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali, ċentrifugali u l-kompressuri ta’ l-ippustjar pożittiv jew li jonfħu l-gassijiet magħmula minn jew protteti minn materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆ u bil-kapaċità tal-volum tal-ġbid ta’ 2 m3/min. jew aktar minn UF₆/gass carrier (idroġenu jew helium) taħlita.<sub><0}

{0></sub>Explanatory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ spjegazzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>These compressors and gas blowers typically have a pressure ratio between 1.2:1 and 6:1. _<}0{>Il-kompressuri jew li jonfħu l-gass tipikament għandhom ratio tal-pressjoni bejn 1.2:1 u 6:1. _<0}

5.5.4. _{0>Rotary shaft seals _<}100{>Is-siġilli tax-xaft li jdur _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared rotary shaft seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor rotor or the gas blower rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against out-leakage of process gas or in-leakage of air or seal gas into the inner chamber of the compressor or gas blower which is filled with a UF₆/carrier gas mixture._<}76{>Is-siġilli li jduru mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali, bis-siġill ta’d-dħul u s-siġill tal-konnessjonijiet ta’ l-exhaust, biex jissiġillaw il-konnessjonijiet tax-xaft li huma konnessi mal-kompressur jew dawk li jonfħu l-gass rotor bil-mutur li jikkontrolla sabiex jassigura s-siġil; li tista’ toqgħod fuqu kontra l-ħruġ ta’ l-arja għal ġol-kamra ta’ ġewwa tal-kompressur jew dawk li jonfħu l-gassijiet li huma mimlija bil-UF₆._<0}

5.5.5. _{0>Heat exchangers for gas cooling _<}0{>It-skambju tas-sħana għat-tkessiħ tal-gass _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared heat exchangers made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆._<}0{>It-skambju tas-sħana mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali magħmula minn jew protetti minn materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆._<0}

5.5.6. _{0>Separation element housings _<}0{> Il-housings ta’ l-elementi tas-separazzjoni _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared separation element housings, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆, for containing vortex tubes or separation nozzles._<}0{>Il-housings ta’ l-elementi tas-separazzjoni mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali, magħmula minn jew protetti mill-materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆, li jkunu fihom it-tubi vortex u żenuni tas-separazzjoni.<sub><0}

{0></sub>Explanatory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ spjegazzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>These housings may be cylindrical vessels greater than 300 mm in diameter and greater than 900 mm in length, or may be rectangular vessels of comparable dimensions, and may be designed for horizontal or vertical installation._<}0{>Dawn il-housings jistgħu jkunu reċipjenti ċilindriċi akbar minn 300 mm fid-dijametru u akbar minn 900 mm fit-tul, jew jistgħu jkunu reċipjenti rettangulari tad-dimensjoni komparabbli, u jistgħu jkunu mfassla għall-installazzjoni orizzontali jew vertikali._<0}

5.5.7. _{0>Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems _<}100{>Is-sistemi ta’ d-dħul/is-sistemi tal-ġbid tal-prodott u truf _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared process systems or equipment for enrichment plants made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆, including:_<}0{>Is-sistemi tal-ipproċessar jew it-tagħmir għall-impjanti msaħħa mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali magħmula minn jew protetti mill-materjal reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆, inkluż:<sub><0}

{0></sub>(a) feed autoclaves, ovens, or systems used for passing UF₆ to the enrichment process; _<}0{>(a) autoclaves tad-dħul, fran, jew sistemi użati għall-passaġġ ta’ UF₆ għall-ipproċessar imsaħħaħ; <sub><0}

{0></sub>(b) desublimers (or cold traps) used to remove UF₆ from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;_<}0{>(b) desublimers (jew nases kiesħin) użati għat-tneħħija ta’ UF₆ mill-proċessi msaħħa għat-trasferiment ta’ wara it-tisħin; <sub><0}

{0></sub>(c) solidification or liquefaction stations used to remove UF₆ from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF₆ to a liquid or solid form;_<}0{>(c) l-istazzjonijiet tas-solidifikazzjoni u tal-likwidifikazzjoni wżati biex jitneħħa l-UF₆ mill-proċessi msaħħa bil-kompressjoni u l-konversjoni ta’ UF₆ għal forma likwida jew solida; <sub><0}

{0></sub>(d) 'product' or 'tails' stations used for transferring UF₆ into containers._<}93{>(d) l-istazzjonijiet 'prodott' jew 'truf'użati biex jitrasferixxu UF₆ fil-kontenituri._<0}

5.5.8. _{0>Header piping systems _<}100{>Is-sistemi tal-pajpijiet header _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared header piping systems, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆ for handling UF₆ within the aerodynamic cascades._<}0{>Is-sistemi tal-pajpijiet header imfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali, magħmula minn jew protetti minn materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆ għall-immaniġġjar tal-UF₆ fil-kaskata aerjodinamika._{<0} {0>}This piping network is normally of the 'double' header design with each stage or group of stages connected to each of the headers._<}78{>Ix-xibka tal-pajpijiet hija normalment ta’ disinn header ‘dopju’ ma’ kull stadju jew grupp ta’ stadji konnessi ma’ kull header._<0}

5.5.9. _{0>Vacuum systems and pumps _<}0{>Is-sistemi u l-pompi vacuum _<0}

_{0>(a) Especially designed or prepared vacuum systems having a suction capacity of 5 m3/min or more, consisting of vacuum manifolds, vacuum headers and vacuum pumps, and designed for service in UF₆-bearing atmospheres._<}0{>(a) Is-sistemi vacuum imfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali għandhom il-kapaċità tal-ġibda ta’ 5 m3/min jew iżjed, li tikkonsisti minn manifolds vacuum, vacuum headers u pompi vacuum, u maħsuba għas-servizz f’atmosferi li jifilħu għal UF₆.<sub><0}

{0></sub>(b) Vacuum pumps especially designed or prepared for service in UF₆-bearing atmospheres and made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆._<}0{>(b) Pompi tal-vacuum imfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali għas-servizz f’atmosferi li jifilħu għal UF₆ u magħmula minn jew protetti mill-materjali reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆._{<0} {0>}These pumps may use fluorocarbon seals and special working fluids._<}0{>Dawn il-pompi jistgħu jużaw siġilli florokarboniċi u fluwidi li jaħdmu speċjali._<0}

5.5.10. _{0>Special shut-off and control valves _<}100{>Valvijiet speċjali li jagħlqu u li jikkontrollaw _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared manual or automated shut-off and control bellows valves made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF₆ with a diameter of 40 to 1 500 mm for installation in main and auxiliary systems of aerodynamic enrichment plants._<}0{>Il-valvijiet tal-minfaħ tal-kontroll u li jaħdmu b’mod manwali u awtomatikament huma mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali magħmula minn jew protetti bil-materjli reżistenti għal korrosjoni mill-UF₆ bid-dijametru ta’ 40 sa 1 500 mm għall-installazzjoni fis-sistemi prinċipali jew awżiljari ta’ l-impjant imsaħħaħ aerjodinamiku._<0}

5.5.11. _{0>UF₆ mass spectrometers/ion sources _<}100{>UF₆ spettrometri tal-massa/sorsi joniċi _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared magnetic or quadrupole mass spectrometers capable of taking 'on-line' samples of feed, 'product' or 'tails', from UF₆ gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:_<}96{>Spettrometri tal-massa mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali bil-kalamita jew quadripole kapaċi li jiġbru 'on-line' kampjun tad-dħul, prodott jew truf, mill-kurrent tal-gass UF₆ u li għandhom il-karatteristiċi kollha li ġejjin:_<0}

1. _{0>unit resolution for mass greater than 320; _<}75{>unit tar-resoluzzjoni għal massa iżjed minn 320; _<0}

2. _{0>ion sources constructed of or lined with nichrome or monel or nickel plated; _<}100{>Is-sorsi joniċi mibnija minn jew imdawwra minn nichrome jew monel jew banjati fin-nijkil; _<0}

3. _{0>electron bombardment ionisation sources; _<}100{>is-sorsi tal-bombardament ta’ l-elettroni jonizzati; _<0}

4. _{0>collector system suitable for isotopic analysis._<}100{> sistema ta’ kollezzjoni tajba għall-analiżi ta’ l-isotopi._<0}

5.5.12. _{0>UF₆/carrier gas separation systems _<}0{>UF₆/sistemi tas-separazzjoni tal-gass carrier _<0}

_{0>Especially designed or prepared systems for separating UF₆ from carrier gas (hydrogen or helium)._<}0{>Is-sistemi tas-separazzjoni UF₆ imfassla jew preparati mill-gass carrier (idroġenu jew helium).<sub><0}

{0></sub>Explanatory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ spjegazzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>These systems are designed to reduce the UF₆ content in the carrier gas to 1 ppm or less and many incorporate equipment such as:_<}0{>Dawn is-sistemi huma mfassla biex inaqqsu l-kontenut UF₆ fil-gass carrier għal 1 ppm jew inqas u jistgħu jinkorporaw tagħmir sabiex:<sub><0}

{0></sub>(a) cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of -120 °c or less, or _<}0{>(a) skambjaturi tas-sħana krijoġenika u krijoseparaturi kapaċi għat-temperaturi ta’ -120 °c jew inqas, jew <sub><0}

{0></sub>(b) cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of -120 °C or less, or _<}0{>(b) units krijoġeniku tar-refriġerazzjoni kapaċi għat-temperaturi ta’-120 °C jew inqas, jew <sub><0}

{0></sub>(c) separation nozzle or vortex tube units for the separation of UF₆ from carrier gas, or _<}0{>(c) l-units taż-żenuni tas-separazzjoni jew tat-tubi tal-vortex għas-separazzjoni ta’ UF₆ mill-gass carrier, jew <sub><0}

{0></sub>(d) UF₆ cold traps capable of temperatures of -20 °C or less._<}0{>(d) UF₆ nases kesħin kapaċi għat-temperatura ta’ -20 °C jew inqas._<0}

5.6. _{0>Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in chemical exchange or ion exchange enrichment plants _<}75{>Is-sistemi, tagħmir u l-komponenti mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali għall-użu fl-iskambju kimiku jew ta’ l-impjanti li jsaħħu l-iskambju ta’ l-jonji _<0}

_{0>Introductory note _<}100{>Nota ta’ introduzzjoni <sub><0}

{0></sub>The slight difference in mass between the isotopes of uranium causes small changes in chemical reaction equilibria that can be used as a basis for separation of the isotopes._<}0{>Id-differenza minima fil-massa bejn l-isotopi ta’ l-uranju li jikkawżaw skambju żgħir fir-reazzjoni kimika ekwilibrija li tista’ tintuża bħala bażi għas-separazzjoni ta’ l-isotopi._{<0} {0>}Two processes have been successfully developed:_<}0{>Żewġ proċessi kienu żviluppati suċċessivament:_{<0} {0>}liquid-liquid chemical exchange and solid-liquid ion exchange._<}0{>skambju kimiku likwidu-likwidu u skambju kimiku solidu-likwidu.<sub><0}

{0></sub>In the liquid-liquid chemical exchange process, immiscible liquid phases (aqueous and organic) are countercurrently contacted to give the cascading effect of thousands of separation stages._<}0{>Fil-proċess ta’ skambju kimiku likwidu-likwidu, fażijiet tal-likwidi li ma jitħalltux (akwatiċi u organiċi) huma kontrokurrenti konnessi biex jagħtu lill-effett tal-kaskata eluf ta’ stadji tas-separazzjoni._{<0} {0>}The aqueous phase consists of uranium chloride in hydrochloric acid solution; the organic phase consists of an extractant containing uranium chloride in an organic solvent._<}0{>Il-fażi akwatika tikkonsisti minn uranium chloride fis-soluzzjoni tal-aċtu idrokloriku; il-fażi organika tikkonsisti mill-ħruġ li jkun fih uranium chloride fis-solvent organiku._{<0} {0>}The contactors employed in the separation cascade can be liquid-liquid exchange columns (such as pulsed columns with sieve plates) or liquid centrifugal contactors._<}0{>Il-kuntati wżati fil-kaskata tas-separazzjoni jistgħu jkunu kolonni ta’ skambju likwidu-likwidu (bħala kolonni bil-polz bipjanċi passaturi) jew il-kuntatti ta’ ċentrifugazzjoni likwida._{<0} {0>}Chemical conversions (oxidation and reduction) are required at both ends of the separation cascade in order to provide for the reflux requirements at each end._<}0{>Il-konversjonijiet kimiċi (ossidazzjoni jew tnaqqis) huma meħtieġa f’żewġt itruf tal-kaskata tas-separazzjoni bil-għan li jkunu provduti l-ħtiġijiet reflux f’kull tarf._{<0} {0>}A major design concern is to avoid contamination of the process streams with certain metal ions._<}0{>Il-ħsieb maġġuri tal-mudell huwa li tkun evitata l-kontaminazzjoni tal-kurrenti tal-proċess ma’ ċerti joniċi tal-metall._{<0} {0>}Plastic, plastic-lined (including use of fluorocarbon polymers) and/or glass-lined columns and piping are therefore used._<}0{>Plastik, imdawwra bil-plastik (inkluż l-użu tal-polimeri florokarboniċi) u/jew kolonni mdawwra bil-ħġieġ u pajpijiet huma għalhekk użati.<sub><0}

{0></sub>In the solid-liquid ion-exchange process, enrichment is accomplished by uranium adsorption/desorption on a special, very fast-acting, ion-exchange resin or adsorbent._<}0{>Fil-proċess skambju joniku solidu-likwidu, it-tisħiħ jintlaħaq bl-assorbizzjoni ta’ uranju/u desorption fuq speċjali, jaġġixi malajr, skambju joniku resin jew assorbent._{<0} {0>}A solution of uranium in hydrochloric acid and other chemical agents is passed through cylindrical enrichment columns containing packed beds of the adsorbent._<}0{>Is-soluzzjoni ta’ l-uranju fl-aċtu idrokloriku u aġenti kimiċi oħrajn jingħaddu minn kolonni msaħħa ċilindriċi li jkunu fihom pakketti ta’ l-assorbenti._{<0} {0>}For a continuous process, a reflux system is necessary to release the uranium from the adsorbent back into the liquid flow so that 'product' and 'tails' can be collected._<}0{>Għal proċess kontinwu, is-sistema reflux hija meħtieġa biex teħles l-uranju mill-assorbent lura għal ġot-tmexxija likwida sabiex 'prodotti' u 'truf'jistgħu jinġabru._{<0} {0>}This is accomplished with the use of suitable reduction/oxidation chemical agents that are fully regenerated in separate external circuits and that may be partially regenerated within the isotopic separation columns themselves._<}0{>Dan jitwettaq bl-użu tat-tnaqqis/ossidazzjoni tajba ta’ l-aġenti kimiċi li huma kompletament riġenerati f’ċirkwiti separati esternament u li jistgħu jkunu parzjalment riġenerati fil-kolonni nnifishom tas-separazzjoni ta’ l-isotopi._{<0} {0>}The presence of hot concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions in the process requires that the equipment be made of or protected by special corrosion-resistant materials._<}0{>Il-presenza tas-soluzzjoni sħuna konċentrata tal-aċtu idrokloriku fil-proċess teħtieġ it-tagħmir li għandu jkun magħmul minn jew protett bil-materjali reżistenti speċjali għal korrosjoni._<0}

5.6.1. _{0>Liquid-liquid exchange columns (chemical exchange) _<}0{>Il-kolonni ta’ skambju likwidu-likwidu (skambju kimiku) _<0}

_{0>Countercurrent liquid-liquid exchange columns having mechanical power input (i.e., pulsed columns with sieve plates, reciprocating plate columns, and columns with internal turbine mixers), especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process._<}0{>Il-kolonna kontrokurrenti ta’ skambju likwidu-likwidu li għandha input ta’ qawwa mekkanika (i.e., kolonni bil-polz bi pjanċi bil-passaturi, kolonni bi pjanċi reċiproki, u kolonni bit-taħlit tat-turbine interni), imfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali għat-tisħiħ ta’ l-uranju bil-proċess ta’ skambju kimiku._{<0} {0>}For corrosion resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, these columns and their internals are made of or protected by suitable plastic materials (such as fluorocarbon polymers) or glass._<}0{>Għar-reżistenza tal-korrosjoni għal konċentrazzjoni tas-soluzzjoni ta’ l-aċti idrokloriku, dawn il-kolloni u l-intern tagħhom huma magħmula minn jew protetti mill-materjali tal-plastik tajbin (bħala l-polimeri) jew il-ħġieġ._{<0} {0>}The stage residence time of the columns is designed to be short (30 seconds or less)._<}0{>Il-ħin tar-residenza ta’ l-istadju tal-kolloni huwa mfassal biex ikunu iqsar minn (30 sekonda jew inqas)._<0}

5.6.2. _{0>Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors (chemical exchange) _<}0{>Il-kuntatti ċentrifugali likwidu-likwidu (skambju kimiku) _<0}

_{0>Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process._<}0{>Il-kuntatti ta’ ċentrifugazzjoni likwidu-likwidu mfassla jew preparati b’mod speċjali għat-tisħiħ ta’ l-uranju bl-użu tal-proċess ta’ skambju kimiku._{<0} {0>}Such contactors use rotation to achieve dispersion of the organic and aqueous streams and then centrifugal force to separate the phases._<}0{>Kuntatti bħal dawn jużaw ir-rotazzjoni biex jiksbu t-tixrid tal-kurrent organiku u akwatiku u wara l-qawwa ċentrifuaa biex jisseparaw il-fażijiet._{<0} {0>}For corrosion resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, the contactors are made of or are lined with suitable plastic materials (such as fluorocarbon polymers) or are lined with glass._<}0{>Għar-reżistenza tal-korrosjoni għas-soluzzjoni konċentrata tal-aċtu idrokloriku, il-kuntatti isiru jew huma mdawwra b’materjali tal-plastik tajbin (bħala l-polimeri florokarboniċi) jew huma mdawwra bil-ħġieġ._{<0} {0>}The stage residence time of the centrifugal contactors is designed to be short (30 seconds or less)._<}91{>Il-ħin tar-residenza ta’ l-istadju tal-kuntatti ta’ ċentrifugazzjoni huwa mfassal biex ikunu iqsar minn (30 sekonda jew inqas)._<0}

5.6.3. _{0>Uranium reduction systems and equipment (chemical exchange) _<}0{>Is-sistemi u tagħmir għat-tnaqqis ta’ l-uranju (skambju kimiku) _<0}