Akilli malzemeler ziya aghamaliyev

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akıllı malzemeler, Piezoelektrik Malzemeler, Şekil Hafızalı Alaşımlar, Magnetostriktif Malzemeler.

ABSTRACT

Smart materials are materials that have the ability to react by changing their properties under the influence of external stimuli (for example, stress, temperature, electricity, magnetic field). The general understanding in materials science is that materials retain their properties for as long as possible during use. In the smart material understanding, the material is expected to make beneficial quality changes that will help its functions against damage. In a way, all materials have a certain level of intelligence. E.g; They expand or are more easily machined when heated, some increasing their conductivity by heating. However, what makes the material really smart is that such changes happen along with the design of the material. Therefore, smart materials are actually designed materials. The story of smart materials began in the late 19th century. In the early 1960s, Donald Stookey developed a glass called "Corning Glass," which darkens when exposed to light and brightens when light is withdrawn. Its applications in engineering and commercial fields have become a new trend in smart materials. There is not yet an academic or commercial classification system with clear boundaries in the field of smart materials. Therefore, on the largest scale, smart materials are divided into 3 main groups: Piezoelectric Materials, Shape Memory Alloys, Magnetostrictive Materials. These 3 main groups of smart materials are used in many fields today.

Keywords: Smart materials, Piezoelectric Materials, Shape Memory Alloys, Magnetostrictive Materials.