Alagappa university
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- MICROBIOLOGY Unit – I
- PLANT PATHOLOGY Unit - III
- Books for Reference: Microbiology
- I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1C4 CORE COURSE - IV – CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Course Objectives
- I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1P1 CORE COURSE - V – PRACTICAL – I (Covering Core Courses I, II, III IV) Algae
- Lichens
- CORE COURSE II METHODS IN BOTANY Experiments
- Core course III
- Core course IV CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CELL BIOLOGY Experiments
- BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Experiments
- CORE COURSE-V – PRACTICAL QUESTION 1. Microprepare the given specimens A, B , C D.
- (4x3 =12 Marks) 2. Identify any two microscopic algal types in the given algal mixture E
- (1X 5 = 5 Marks) 5. As per your lot, perform the given biochemical estimation H.
- (1X 5 = 5 Marks) 7. As per your lot, demonstrate the given Botanical method J.
- (1 X 3 = 3 Marks) 9. Write down the procedure and separate the biomolecule L.
- 4 Marks
- I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1E1 ELECTIVE COURSE - I (A) – MUSHROOM CULTIVATION Course Objectives
- I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1E2 ELECTIVE COURSE - I (B) – ETHNOBOTANY Course Objectives
- Unit - 1 Ethnobotany
- Unit – II Methodology of Ethnobotanical studies
I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1C3 CORE COURSE - III – MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Course Objectives
MICROBIOLOGY Unit – I Five kingdom system by Whittaker (1969) – Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic microbes – General features of Viruses – Classification, characteristics, ultra structure, isolation, purification, chemical nature – replication and transmission, Virions and prions, phytoplasma (including mycoplasma), Economic importance. Unit – II Bergey’s system of Bacterial classification (1984-1991) – Salient features of Eubacteria, Archibacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinomycetes. General account on Bacteria, ultra structure, nutrition, growth, reproduction (transformation, conjugation, transduction and sex-duction), bacterial culture technique and economic importance. PLANT PATHOLOGY Unit - III Plant pathology – general account on organisms and causal factor responsible for plant diseases – methods of studying plant diseases – Koch’s postulates – common terminologies used in plant pathology (symptomology, Etiology, Epidemic disease, Control measures) – Mycotoxins – Aflatoxins, Defense mechanisms in plant – integrated disease management. Unit – IV Common plant diseases of India -Tobacco Mosaic, Cucumber mosaic, Little leaf disease of Brinjal, Citrus canker, Rice blight, Tikka disease of groundnut, Anthracnose of mango, Wilt of Cotton, Downy mildew of grapes, White rust of Mustard, Damping off disease of seedlings, Rust of wheat, Root knot of tomato, Leaf galls in Pongamia. Unit – V Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells. Text Books:
Bombay.
S.Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Books for Reference: Microbiology
Plant Pathology
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1C4 CORE COURSE - IV – CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Course Objectives
Unit - I Membrane structure and function (Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes). Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles (Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast, structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility). Unit - II Organization of genes and chromosomes (Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons). Cell division and cell cycle (Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle). Microbial Physiology (Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response) Unit - III Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds. Composition, structure and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins). Stabilizing interactions (Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc.). Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. Unit - IV Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties). Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers. Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes Unit - V Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary structure, domains, motif and folds). Conformation of nucleic acids (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA).Stability of proteins and nucleic acids. Suggested Readings:
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1P1 CORE COURSE - V – PRACTICAL – I (Covering Core Courses I, II, III & IV) Algae Morphological studies of the following representative forms Cyanophyta : spirulina, Anabaena, Nostoc Chlorophyta : Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella Xanthophyta : Botrydium, Vaucheria Bacillariophyta : Cyclotella and Navicula (Diatoms) Rhodophyta : Batrachospermum, Ceramium Morphological and anatomical study of representative members of the following:- Charophyta : Chara Phaeophyta : Padina, Sargassum Rhodophyta : Gracilaria
Study of morphological and reproductive structures of the following representative genera Mastigomycotina : Pthium Zygomycotina : Pilobolus Ascomycotina : Taphrina,Neurospora Basidiomycotina : Pluerotus, Polyporus, Lycoperdon Dueteromycotina : Cercospora, Fusarium, Colletotrichum Study of internal structure of following representative genus Cercospora infected leaf. Fruit body of Polyporus. Lichens Morphological study of representative members of the following:- Parmelia Usnea
Morphological and anatomical study of representative members of the following:- Marchantiales : Riccia, Targionia, Reboulia Jungermaniales : Porella Anthocerotales : Anthoceros Sphagnales : Sphagnum Funariales : Funarium Polytrichales : Polytrichum
Study of the morphology and anatomy of the vegetative and reproductive parts of the following :- Isoetales : Isoetes Selaginellales : Selaginella Equisetales : Equisetum Ophioglossales : Ophioglossum Marattiales : Angiopteris Osmundales : Osmunda Gleicheniales : Gleichenia Filicales : Pteris Salviniales : Salvinia & Azolla Gymnosperms : Study of the morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive parts of the following : Cycadales : Cycas Coniferales : Cupressus, Pinus Ginkgoales : Ginkgo Ephedrales : Ephedra Gnetales : Gnetum Paleobotany: Pterodophytes & Gymnosperms – (Extinct and fossil forms) Pteridophytes – Lepidodendron, Stigmaria, Calamostachys. Gymnosperms – Lyginopteris, Lagenostoma and Cordaites. CORE COURSE II METHODS IN BOTANY Experiments Measure the cell size (either length or breadth/diameter) by micrometry. Determination of leaf thickness to width ratio
Floristic survey, Documentation and evaluation of plants (Ranking of species, Relative importance of species (RI), Importance Value(IVs), Quality Use Value (QUVs) and Cultural Importance Index (CI). Study of Morphological parameters (Plant height, root and shoot length, root/shoot ratio, index of tolerance, root and branch number, internode and petiole length, Leaf number, Leaf length, Leaf width, Leaf area, petiole leaf ratio, Leaf area index and leaf appearance characteristics) Physiological parameters (Dust deposition, EC, pH, RWC, Ash content and Air pollution tolerance index of plants). Demonstrations Preparation of Temporary and Permanent slides Preparation of Temporary and Permanent Whole Mount Analysis of ash sample Camera lucida drawing of permanent slide
Spectrophotometer Mass spectrometry Centrifuge Flow cytometry (FACS) Applications of fluorescence microscopy: Chromosome banding, FISH Transmission and Scanning electron microscopy photomicrography GLC
HPLC Muffle furnace Electrophoresis Questionnaire format Core course III Microbiology: Microbiology Experiments Gram’s staining of Bacteria found in Milk, Curd, Root – Nodule. Microbial analysis of Milk by methylene – blue reduction test Demonstration Preparation of culture media agar slant – agar plate. Isolation of microbes by streak and pour plate method. Isolation of microbes by soil dilution techniques. Isolation and identification of Bacteria and Fungi from spoiled food. Effect of different antibodies on bacterial growth (antibiotic sensitivity) Spotter Cleaning and sterilization methods Laminar air flow chamber Autoclave Oven
Leaf gall T.S of Pongamia Cercospora infected leaf T.S Spotter
Study of the following diseases : Fungal diseases – Rust of Wheat, Wilt of cotton, White rust of mustard Bacterial diseases – Anthracnose of mango, Citrus canker, Rice blight. Virus diseases – Tobacco mosaic, cucumber mosaic. Mycoplasmal disease – little leaf of brinjal.
Determination of cell stages in onion root tip and anther Micropreparation of cystolith(Ficus leaf), Raphides(Araceae members eg. Arum petiole) and starch grains(Potato and Rice grains)
Cell wall Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi bodies Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplast Cell division and cell cycle Chromosomes Ramachandran plot Structure of proteins Types of DNA (helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA)
Estimation of total and reducing sugar Estimation of protein by Lowry’s method. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin method Estimation of total phenols. Estimation of proline. Estimation of Nucleic acids. Separation of photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography. Separation of photosynthetic pigments by Column chromatography Separation and identification of amino acids by paper/TLC method Demonstration Extraction of amylase and determination of its activity Determination of peroxidase activity.
labeled sketches and identify with reasons. Submit the slides for valuation. (Micropreparation -1, Identification -1/2, Diagram -1/2, Reason -1) (4x3 =12 Marks)
(Identification -1/2, Diagram -1/2, Reason -1/2) (2x1½=3 Marks) 3. As per your lot, do the given Botanical method F. write the aim, procedure, and materials required for the given method. Tabulate the data observed and report the results. (Material required– 1,Procedure –1,Slide – 1, Tabulation – 1, Result and Interpretation – 1)
apparatus and materials required for the given experiment. Tabulate the data observed and report the results. (Material required– 1, Procedure – 1, Setup/ Slide – 1, Tabulation – 1, Result and Interpretation – 1) (1X 5 = 5 Marks)
procedure, apparatus and materials required for the given estimation. Tabulate the data observed and report the results. Leave the set up for valuation. (Material required–1,Principle –1,Procedure –1,Tabulation–1,Result and Interpretation – 1) (1X 5 = 5 Marks) 6. As per your lot, do the given Cell biology experiment I. write the aim, procedure, apparatus and materials required for the given method. Tabulate the data observed and report the results. Leave the set up for valuation (Material required–1, Procedure –1, Setup– 1, Tabulation – 1, Result and Interpretation – 1) (1X 5 = 5 Marks) 7. As per your lot, demonstrate the given Botanical method J. Outline the procedure as flow chart, apparatus and materials required for the given method. (Procedure – 1, Demonstration – 1, Result & Interpretation – 1) (1 X 3 = 3 Marks)
experiment using the given sample K. (Procedure – 1, Demonstration – 1, Result & Interpretation – 1) (1 X 3 = 3 Marks)
Calculate the Rf value and interpret the results (Procedure – 1, Result – 1, Interpretation – 1) (1 X 3 = 3 Marks)
(Identification- 1/2, Sketch –1/2, Notes – 1/2) (4X1½= 6Marks) 11. Field study/ Tour report = 4 Marks 12. Record = 6 Marks Core Course – V - Practical Key A – Algae B – Pteridophytes C – Gymnosperms D – Plant pathology / Cell biology E – Algal mixture F – Micrometer measurement G – Microbiology experiment H – Biochemical Estimation I – Cell biology experiment J - Botanical method Demonstration (Permanent slide preparation / camera lucida drawing) K – Microbiology Demonstration L – Biomolecule separation M – Fungi / Lichens / Bryophytes N – Paleobotany O – Microbiology / Methods in Botany P – Plant pathology / Cell biology Field experiments / report Record ♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1E1 ELECTIVE COURSE - I (A) – MUSHROOM CULTIVATION Course Objectives
Unit – I Introduction, history. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Poisonous mushrooms. Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus. Unit – II Cultivation Technology : Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house) water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation - Low cost technology, Composting technology in mushroom production. Unit - III Cultivation techniques of White button mushroom and Oyster mushroom; Management of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases in mushroom; Competitors, pests and nematodes in mushrooms; Post harvesting techniques and Economics of mushroom cultivation. Unit – IV Storage and nutrition : Short-term storage (Refrigeration - upto 24 hours) Long term Storage (canning, pickels, papads), drying, storage in saltsolutions. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins. Unit – V Food Preparation_: Types of foods prepared from mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level._Cost benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value. Present status of mushroom industry in India. Suggested Readings:
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ I YEAR – I SEMESTER COURSE CODE: 7MBO1E2 ELECTIVE COURSE - I (B) – ETHNOBOTANY Course Objectives
Unit - 1 Ethnobotany: Introduction, concept, scope and objectives; Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science. The relevance of ethnobotany in the present context; Major and minor ethnic groups or Tribals of India, and their life styles. Plants used by the tribals: a) Food plants b) intoxicants and beverages c) Resins and oils and miscellaneous uses. Unit – II Methodology of Ethnobotanical studies: a) Field work b) Herbarium c) Ancient Literature d) Archaeological findings e) temples and sacred places. Unit - III Role of ethnobotany in modern Medicine: Medico-ethnobotanical sources in India;Significance of the following plants in ethnobotanical practices (along with their habitat and morphology) a) Azadiractha indica b) Ocimum sanctum c) Vitex negundo. d) Gloriosa superba e) Tribulus terrestris f) Pongamia pinnata g) Cassia auriculata h) Indigofera tinctoria. Role of ethnobotany in modern medicine with special example Rauvolfia sepentina, Trichopus zeylanicus, Artemisia, Withania. Yüklə 376 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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