Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria, and do not include the MTB pathogens or M. leprae that causes Hansen's disease or leprosy (Runyon 1959). Disease caused by NTM is not notifiable in Australia; hence, there is little information on the incidence or prevalence of NTM disease. Clinically significant pulmonary and extrapulmonary NTM cases represent approximately one-third of all NTM pulmonary isolates and two-thirds of all extrapulmonary isolates processed by laboratories in Queensland (Thomson 2010; Thomson et al. 2013).
Table lists the Mycobacterium species isolated in Queensland in 2005 and the proportion of pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease that was caused by each species. Of the isolates from pulmonary sites, most of the clinically significant disease was caused by M. intracellulare, M. avium and M. kansasii; whereas for non-pulmonary sites, most clinically significant disease was caused by M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. chelonae, M. intracellulare, M. peregrinum and M. avium.
Table Proportion of mycobacterial isolates causing clinically significant and non-significant pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease in Queensland, 2005
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