Ancient society

Footnotes

1. “Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family.” (“Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,” vol. xvii, 1871,. p. 131.)

2. Wolf, Tor-yoh’-no. 2. Bear, Ne-e-ar-guy’-ee.

3. Beaver, Non-gar-ne’e-ar-goh. 4. Turtle, Ga-ne-e-ar-teh-go’-wa. 5. Deer, Na-o’-geh. 6. Snipe, Doo-eese-doo-we. 7. Heron, Jo-as’-seh. 8. Hawk, Os-sweh-ga-da-gg’-ah. 3. Ah-na-rese’-kwa, Bone Gnawers. 2. Ah-nu-yeh, Tree Liver. 3. Tso-ta’-ee, Shy Animal. 4. Ge ah’-wish, Fine Land. S. Os ken’-o-toh, Roaming. 6. Sine-gain’-see, Creeping. 7. Ya-ra- hats’-see, Tall Tree. 8. Da-soak, Flying.

4. Mr. Horatio Hale has recently proved the connection of the Tutelos with the Iroquois.

5. Mr. Francis Parkman, author of the brilliant series of works on the colonization of America, was the first to establish the affiliation of the Susquehannocks with the Iroquois.

6. “Travels in North America,” Phila. ed., 1796, p, 164.

7. ‘Travels in North America,’ p. 165.

8. Wa-sa-be. 2. Be a-ghe-ta. 3. No-ko-poz-na. 4. Moh- kuh. 5. Wa-sha-ba. 6. Wa-zha-zha. 7. Noh-ga. 8. Wah-ga.

9. Wa zhese-ta. 2. Ink-ka-sa-ba. 3. La-ta-da. 4. Ka-ih, 5. Da-thun’-da. 6.Wa-sa-ba. 7. Hun’-ga. 8. Kun’-za. 9. Ta’-pa. 10. In-gra’-zhe-da. 11. Ish da’-sun-da. 12. O-non-e’-ka-ga-ha.

10. 1. Me-je’-ra-ja. 2. Too-num’-pe. 3. Ah’ro-wha. 4. Ho’-dash. 5. Cheh’-he-ta. 6. Lu’-chih. 7.waa keeh’. 8. Ma’-kotch.

‘H’ represents a deep sonant guttural. It is quite common in the dialects of the Missouri tribes and also in the Minnitaree and Crow.

11. 1. Me-je’ra-ja. 2. Moon’-cha, 3. Ah’-or-wha. 4. Hoo’-ma. 5. Kha’-a. 6. Lute’-ja. 7. Wa’-ka. 8. Ma’ kotch.

12. 1. Ta-ke-ka-she’-ga. 2. Sin’-ja-ye-ga. 3. Mo-e’-kwe ah ha. 4. Hu-e’-ya. 5. Hun-go tin’-ga. 6. Me-ha-shun’-ga. 7. 0’-ps. 8. hf,e-ka’. 9. Sho’-ma-koo-sa. 10. Do-ha-kel’-ya. 11. Mo.e’ ka-ne ka’-she ga. 12. Da-sin-ja-ha-ga. 13. Ic’-ha she. 14. Lo ne’-ka-she-ga.

13. 1. Shonk-chun-ga-da. 2. Hone-cha-da. 3. Cha-ra. 4. Wahk- cha-he-da. 5. Hoo-wun-na. 6. Cha-ra. 7. Wa-kon-na. 8. Wa- kon-cha-ra.

14. “Travels, loc. cit.,” p. 166.

15. 1. Ho-ra-ta-mu-make. 2. Ma to-no-make. 3. See- poosh ka. 4. Ta-na tsu-ka. 5. Ki-ta ne-make, 6. E-sta-pa. 7. Me- te-ah-ke.

16. Mit-che-ro-ka. 2. Min ne-pa-ta. 3. Ba ho-ha-ta. 4. Seech-ka-be-ruh pa-ka. S. E-tish-sho-ka. 6. Ah-nah ha na-me te. 7. E ku pa-be-ka.

17. 1. A-che-pa-be-cha. 2. E-sach-ka-buk. 3. Ho-ka-rut-cha. 4. Ash bot-chee ah. 5. Ah-shin-na-dg-ah. 6. Ese kep-ka-buk. 7 Oo-sa-bot-see. 8. Ah-ha-chick. 9. Ship-tet-za. 10. Ash-kane- na. 11. Boo-a da sha. 12. 0-hot-du-sha. 13. Pet chale ruh- pa-ka.

18. This practice as an act of mourning is very common among the Crows, and also as a religious offering when they hold a ‘Medicine Lodge,’ a great religious ceremonial. In a basket hung up in a Medicine Lodge for their reception as offerings, fifty, and sometimes a hundred finger joints, I have been told, are sometimes thus collected. At a Crow encampment on the Upper Missouri I noticed a number of women and men with their hands mutilated by this practice.

19. 1. Ya-ha. 2. No-kuse. 3. Ku-mu. 4. Kal-put-lu. 5. E- cho. 6. Tus-wa. 7. Kat-chu. 8. Ho-tor-lee. 9. So-pak-tu. 10. Tuk-ko. 11. Chu-la. 12. Wot.ko. 13. Hu hlo. 14. U-che. 15. Ah-ah. 16. O-che. 17. Ok-chun-wa. 18. Ku-wa ku-che. 19. Ta-mul kee. 20. Ak-tu-ya chul kee. 21. Is-fa-nul-ke. 22. Wa-hlak kul-kee.

20. Sig’n equals signification.

21.

First. Ku-shap. Ok-la.

l. Kush-ik-sa. 2. Law-ok-la. 3. Lu-lak Ik-sa. 4. Lin-ok lu sha.

Second. Wa-tak-i Hu-la-ta.

1. Chu-fan-ik-sa. 2. Is ku-la-ni. 3. Chi to. 4. Shak-chuk la.

22.

I. Koi.

1. Ko-in-chush. 2. Ha tak-fu-shi. 3. Nun ni. 4. Is-si.

II. Ish-pan-ee.

1. Sha-u ee. 2. Ish-pan-ee. 3. Ming-ko. 4. Hush-ko ni. 5. Tun-ni. 6. Ho-chon-chab-ba. 7. Na-sho-la. 8. Chuh-hla.

23. l. Ah-ne-whi-ya. 2. Ah-ne-who-the. 3. Ah-ne-ga-ta-ga-nih. 4. Dsu-ni li-a-na. 5. U-ni-sda-sdi. 6. Ah-nee-ka-wih 7. Ah riee-sa-hok-nih. 8. Ah-nu-ka lo-high. (Ah-nee signifies the plural.)

24. 1. From the Ojibwa, gi-tchi, great, and ga-me, lake, the aboriginal name of Lake Superior, and other great lakes.

25. 1. My-een gun. 2. Ma-kwa. 3. Ah-mik. 4. Me-she-ka. S. Mik-o-noh. 6. Me-skwa-da re. 7. Ah-dik. 8. Chu-e-skwe: ske-w’a. 9. O-jee-jok. 10. Ka.kake. 11. 0-me-gee-ze. 12. Mong. 13. Ah-ah-weh. 14. She-shebe. 15. Ke-na-big. 16. Wa-zhush. 17. Wa-be zhaze. 18. Moosh-ka-oo ze. 19. Ah-wah-sis-sa. 20. Na-ma-bin. 21. - 22..Na-ma. 23. Ke-no-zhe.

26. An Ojibwa sachem, Ke-we kons, who died about 1840, at the age of ninety years, when asked by my informant Why he did not retire from office and give place to his son, replied, that his son could not succeed him; that the right of succession belonged to his nephew, E-kwa ka-mik, who must have the office. This nephew was a son of one of his sisters. From this statement it follows that descent, anciently, and within a recent period, was in the female line. It does not follow from the form of the statement that the nephew would take by hereditary right but that he was in the line of succession, and his election was substantially assured.

27. 1. Mo-ah-ah. 2. M’-ko. 3. Muk. 4. Mis-sha-wa. 5. Ma-ak. 6. K’-nou, 7. N’-ma. 8. N’-ma-pe-na. 9.- M’-ge-ze-wa. 10. Che-kwa. 11. Wa bo zo. 1Z. Ka-kag-she. 13. Wake-shi. 14. Pen-na. 15. M’-ke-eash-she-ka-kah. 16. O-ta-wa.

28. Pronounced O-ta-wa.

29. 1. Mo-vrha-wa. 2. Mon-gwa. 3. Ken-da-wa. 4. Ah-pa- -kose e-a. 5. Ka-no-za-wa. 6. Pi-la-wa. 7. Ah-se-pon-na. 8. Mon-na-to. 9. Kul-swa. 10. (Not obtained.)

30. 1. M’wa-wa. 2. - Ma-gwa. 3. M’-kwa. 4, We-wa-see. 5. M’-se-pa-se. 6. M’-ath-wa. 7. Pa la-wa. 8. Psake-the. 9. Sha-pa-ta. 10. Na-ma-tha. 11. Ma-na-to. 12. Pe-sa-wa. 13. Pa-take-e-no-the.

31. In every tribe the name indicated the gens. Thus, among The Sauks and Foxes Long Horn is a name belonging to the Deer gens; Black Wolf, to the wolf. In the Eagle gens the following are specimen names: Ka-po-na, ‘Eagle drawing his nest;’ Ja-ka-kwa pe, ‘Eagle sitting with his head up;’ Pe-a ta-na-ka-hok, ‘Eagle flying over a limb.’

32. 1. Mo-wha-wis so-uk. 2. Ma-kwis-so-jik. 3. Pa-sha-ga- sa-wis-so-uk. 4. Ma-sha-wa-uk. 5. Ka-ka-kwis-so-uk. 6. Pa-mis so uk. 7. Na-ma-sis-so-uk. 8. Na-nus-sus-so-uk, Na na-ma ke’w-uk, 10. Ah-kuh ne-nak. 11. Wa-ko-a-wis-so-jik, 12. Ka-che- konea-we-so uk, 13. Na ma-we so-uk. 14. Ma-she ma-tak.

33. 1. Ki no. 2. Ma-me-o-ya. 3. Ah pe-ki. 4. A ne-pa. 5. Po- no-kix.

34. l. Ah-ah-pi ta-pe. 2. Ah-pe ki-e. 3, Ih po-se ma. 4. Ka- ka-po-ya, S. Mo-ta-to-sis. 6. Ka ti-ya-ye-mix. 7. Ka-ta ge- ma-ne. 8. E-ko to-pis-taxe.

35.

1. Wolf. Took-seat.

l. ga-an-greet, Big Feet. 2. Wee-sow-het-ko, Yellow Tree. 3. Pa-sa-kun-a-mon, Pulling Corn. 4. We yar-nih-ka-to. Care Enterer. 5. Toosh-war ka-ma, Across the River. 6. 0 lum- a ne, Vermilion. 7. Pun-ar-you, Dog standing by Fireside. 8. Kwin eek-cha, Long Body. 9. Moon-har-tar-ne, Digging. 10. Non-har min, Pulling up Stream. 11. Long-ush-har-kar- to, Brush Log. 12. Maw-soo-toh, Bringing Along.

II. Turtle. Poke koo un-go.

l. O-ka ho-ki, Ruler. 2. Ta-ko-ong-o to, High Bank Shore. 3. See-har-ong-o-to, Drawing down Hill. 4. Ole-har-kar me- kar-to, Elector. 5. Ma-har-o-luk-ti, Brave. 6. Toosh-ki pa kwis-i, Green Leaves. 7. Tung-ul-ung-si, Smallest Turtle. 8. We-lun-ung-si, Little Turtle, 9. Lee kwin-a-i, Snapping Turtle. 10. Kwis-aese-kees-to, Deer. - The two remaining sub-gentes are extinct.

III. Turkey. Pul-la-ook.

1. Mo har-a-la, Big Bird. 2. Le-le-wa-you, Bird’s Cry. 3. Moo-kwung-wa-ho-ki, Eye Pain. 4. Moo-har-mo-wi kar-nu, Scratch the Path. 5. O-ping-ho-ki, Opossum Ground. 6. Muh- ho-we-ka-ken, Old Shin. 7. Tong-o-na-o-to, Drift Log. 8. Nool- a-mar lar-mo, Living in Water. 9. Muh-krent har-ne, Root Digger. 10. Muh-karm-huk-se, Red Face. 11. Koo-wa-ho-ke. Pine Region. 12. Oo-chukham, Ground Scratchar.

36.

I. Took-se tuk.

1. Ne h-ja-o. 2. Ma-kwa. 3. N de-ya o. 4. Wa-pa kwe,

II. Tone ba-o.

1. Gak-po-mute. 2. -- 3. Tone-ba-o. 4. We-saw-ma-un,

III. Turkey.

1. Na-ah-ma-o. 2. Ga- h-ko. 3. --.

37. In ‘Systems of Consanguinity,’ the aboriginal names of the principal Indian tribes, with their significations, may be found.

38. 1. Mals sum. 2. Pis-suh. 3. Ah-weh.soos. 4. Skooke. 5. Ah lunk-soo. 6. Ta-ma-kwa. 7. Ma-guh-le-1oo. 8. Kja- bah-seh. 9. Moos-kwa-suh. 10. K’ che-ga-gong-go. 11. Meh- ko-a. 12. Che-gwa-lis. 13 Koos koo. 14. Ma-da- weh-soos.

39. Trans. Am, Eth. Soc., Intro., cxlix

40. “Alaska and its Resources,” p. 414.

41. “Native Races of the Paciae States,” 109.

42. The Shawnees formerly worshiped a Female Deity, called Go-gome tha-ma, ‘Our Grand Mother.’

43. “Schoolcraft’s Hist., etc., of Indian Tribes” iv. 86.

44. ‘Address,’ p. 12.

45. “General History of America,” Lond. ed., 1726. Stevens Trans., iii 299.

46. Ib., iv 171.

47. Ib., iii, 202

48. Ib., iv, 33.

49. “General History of America,” iv, 171.

50. “Early History of Mankind,” p. 287.

51. “Gen. Hist. of Amer.,” iv, 231.

52. “Early History of Mankind,” p. 287.

53. “Indian Tribes of Guiana,” p. 98; cited by Lubbock Origin of Civilization, p. 98.