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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: basic principles, protocols and procedures



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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: basic principles, protocols and procedures (Nova York: Guil­ford, 2001).

  • Rumelhart, D. E.; McClelland, J. L. Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986); Edel- man, G. N. Neural darwinism: the theory of neuronal group selection (Nova York: Perseus Publishing, 1987).

  • O título de um dos mais antigos papers de Bessel van der Kolk sobre o tema fazia uso de uma citação de um de seus pacientes com traumatismo múltiplo (“The body keeps the score...” [O corpo mantém o escore]. Van der Kolk, B. A. “The body keeps the score: memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress”, Harvard Review of Psychiatry 1 (1994): 253-265.


    Capítulo 6: O EMDR em ação

    1. Kübler-Ross, E. On death and dying (Nova York: Touchstone, 1969).

    2. Chemtob, C. M.; Nakashima, J. et al. “Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a field study”, Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 (2002): 99-112.

    3. Van Etten, M. L.; Taylor, S. “Comparative efficacy of treatments for post- traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis”, Clinical Psychology & Psycho­therapy 5 (1998): 126-144; Spector, J.; Read, J. “The current status of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)”, Clinical Psycholo­gy & Psychotherapy 6 (1999): 165-174; Sack, M.; Lempa, W. et al. “Study quality and effect-sizes: a meta-analysis of EMDR-treatment for post- traumatic stress disorder”, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psycho­logic 5\, n°9-10 (2001): 350-355; Maxfield, L.; Hyer, L. A. 'The relation­ship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD”, Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 (2002): 23-41.

    4. Herbert, J.; Lilienfeld, S. et al. “Science and pseudoscience in the develop­ment of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: implications for clinical psychology”, Clinical Psychology Review 20 (2000): 945-971. Uma réplica detalhada a esta crítica foi publicada por dois psicanalistas americanos em 2002: Perkins, B. R.; Rouanzoin, C. C. “A critical evalua­tion of current views regarding Eye Movement Desensitization and Re­processing (EMDR): clarifying points of confusion”, Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 (2002): 77-97.

    5. Stickgold, R.; Hobson, J. A. et al. “Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing”, Science (2001): 1052-1057.

    6. Stickgold, R.”EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism”, Journal of Clinical Psychology 58 (2002): 61-75.

    7. Wilson, D.; Silver, S. M. et al. “Eye Movement Desensitization and Re­processing: effectiveness and autonomic correlates”, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 27 (1996).

    8. Pessah, M. A.; Roffwarg, H. P. “Spontaneous middle ear muscle activity in man: a rapid Eye Movement Sleep phenomenon”, Science 178 (1972): 773-776; Benson, K.; Zarcone, V. P. “Phasic events of REM sleep: phe­nomenology of Middle ear muscle activity and periorbital integrated po­tentials in the same normal population”, Sleep 2, n° 2 (1979): 199-213.

    9. Servan-Schreiber, D. "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: is psychiatry missing the point?”, Psychiatric Times 17, n° 7 (2000): 36-40.

    10. Chambless, D.; Baker, M. et al. “Update on empirically validated therapies, II”, The Clinical Psychologist 51, n° 1 (1998): 3-16.

    11. Chemtob, C. M.; Tolin, D. et al. “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)”. In Effective treatments for PTSD: practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Foa, E. A.; Keane, T. M.; Friedman, M. J. (orgs.). (Nova York: Guilford Press, 2000): 139— 155,333-335.

    12. Departamento de Saúde do Reino Unido. “The evidence based clinical practice guideline” (2001).

    13. Bleich, A.; Berstein, J. et. al. “Guidelines for the assessment and profes­sional intervention with terror victims in the hospital and in the com­munity”, documento emitido pelo Conselho Nacional para a Saúde Men­tal, Ministério da Saúde, Israel (2002).

    14. Crest, “The management of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults” (Bel­fast, Irlanda, Grupo de Apoio para a Eficiência da Pesquisa Clínica do

    Departamento de Saúde, Serviço Social e Segurança Pública da Irlanda do Norte, 2003).

    1. Kirsch, I.; Scoboria, A. et al. “Antidepressants and placebos: secrets, revelations, and unanswered questions", Prevention & Treatment (2002); Thase, M. E. “Antidepressant effects: the suit may be small, but the fabric is real”, artigo 32, Prevention & Treatment (2002); Khan, A.; Leven- thal, R. et al. “Severity of depression and response to antidepressants and placebo: an analysis of the Food and Drug Administration databa­se”, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 22, n° 1 (2002): 50-54.

    2. Yehuda, R.; McFarlane, A. C. et al. “Predicting the development of post- traumatic stress disorder from the acute response to a traumatic event”, Biological Psychiatry 44 (1998): 1305-1313.


    Capítulo 7: A energia da luz: reprogramando seu relógio biológico

    1. Cook, F. A. “Medical observations among the Esquimaux”, New York Jour­nal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 4 (1894): 282-296, citado em Rosenthal, N. E. Winter blues: seasonal affective disorderwhat it is and how to overco­me it (Nova York: Guilford Press, 1998).

    2. Haggarty, J. M.; Cernovsh Z. et al. “The limited influence of latitude on rates of seasonal affective disorder”, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 189 (2001): 482-484.

    3 . Avery, D. H.; Eder, D. N. et al. “Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study”, Biological Psychiatry 50, n° 3 (2001): 205-216.

    1. Comunicação pessoal por e-mail enviada por Don Romero da Pi-Square, Inc., Seattle, Washington.

    2. Parry, B.; Berga, S. et al. “Melatonin and phototherapy in premenstrual depression”, Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 341 B (1990): 35-43; Lam, R. W.; Goldner, E. M. et al. “A controlled study of light therapy for bulimia Nervosa”, American Journal of Psychiatry 151,n° 5 (1994): 744- 750; Satlin, A.; Volicer, L. et al. “Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease”, American Jour­nal of Psychiatry 149, n° 8 (1992): 1028-1032; Levitt, A.; Joffe, R. et al. “Bright light augmentation in antidepressant nonresponders”, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 52, n° 8 (1991): 336-337.

    3. In-Young, Y.; Kripke, D. et al. “Luteinizing hormone following light exposure in healthy young men”, Neuroscience Letters 341, n° 1 (2003): 25-28.


    Capítulo 8: O poder do Qi: a acupuntura afeta diretamente o cérebro emocional

    1. Soulie de Morant, G. I. UAcupuncture chinoise (Paris: Maloine Editeurs, 1972).

    2. Como sugerem as análises dos estudos clínicos registrados pela FDA (Food and Drug Administration): Kirsch, I.; Scoboria, A. et al. ‘Antidepressants and placebos: secrets, revelations, and unanswer questions”, Prevention & Treatment (2002); Thase, M. E. “Antidepressant effects: the suit may be small, but the fabric is real”, Prevention & Treatment artigo 32 (2002); Khan, A.; Leventhal, R. et al. “Severity of depression and response to antidepres­sants and placebo: an analysis of the Food an Drug Administration data­base”, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 22, n° 1 (2002): 50-54.

    3. Associação Médica Britânica, Departamento de Ciências. Acupuncture: efficacy, safety and practice (Londres: Harwood Academic, 2000).

    4. Ulett, G. A.; Han, S. et al. “Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clini­cal applications”, Biological Psychiatry 44 (1998): 129-138.

    5. Hechun, L.; Yunkui, J. et al. “Electroacupuncture vs. amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive states "Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1985) : 3-8; Han, J.-S. “Electroacupuncture: an alternative to antidepressants for treating affective diseases?”, Journal of Neuroscience 29 (1986): 79-92; Po­lyakov, S. E. “Acupuncture in the treatment of endogenous depression”, Soviet Neurology and Psychiatry 21 (1988): 36-44; Thomas, M.; Eriksson, S. V. et al. “A comparative study of Diazepam and acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis pain: a placebo controlled study”, American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2, n° XIX (1991): 95-100; jin, H.; Zhou, L. et al. “The inhibition by electrical acupuncture on gastric acid secretion is mediated via endorphin and somatostating in dogs”, Clinical Research 40 (1992): 167A; Li, Y.; Tougas, G. et al. “The effect of acupuncture on gastrointes­tinal function and disorders”, American Journal of Gastroenterology 87(1992) : 1372-1381; He, D.; Berg, J. et al. “Effects of acupuncture on smoking cessation or reduction for motivated smokers”, Preventive Medicine 26

    1. : 208-214; Cardini, F. W., Huang, “Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation”, Journal of the American Medical Association 280, n° 18

    2. : 1580-1584; Montakab, H. “Akupunktur und Schlaflosigkeit [Acu­puncture and insomnia]”, Forschende Komplementarmedizin 6 (suplemento 1) (1999): 29-31; Timofeev, M. F. “Effects of acupuncture and an agonist of opiate receptors on heroin dependent patients”, American Journal of Chinese Medicine 27, n°2 (1999): 143-148; Wang, S.-M.; Kain, Z. N. “Au­ricular acupuncture: a potential treatment for anxiety”, Anesthesia and Analgesia 92 (2001): 548-553; Paulus, W. E.; Zhang, M. et al. “Influence of acupuncture on the pregnancy rate in patients who undergo assisted reproduction therapy”, Fertility and Sterility 77, n° 4 (2002): 721-724.

    1. Cho, Z. H.; Chung, S. C. et al. “New findings of the correlation between acupoints and corresponding brain cortices using functional MRI”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95 (1998): 2670- 2673.

    2. Han, op. cit.; Luo, H. C.; Jia, Y. K. et al. “Electroacupuncture vs. amitrip­tyline in the treatment of depressive states "Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 5 (1985): 3-8; Lou, H. C.; Jia, Y. et al. “Electro-acupuncture in the treatment of depressive psychosis”, International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 1 (1990): 7-13; Luo, H. C.; Shen, Y. C. et al. “A comparative study of the treatment of depression by electroacupuncture and amitrip­tyline”, Acupuncture 1 (Huntington, NY: 1990) 20-26.

    3. Wang, op. cit. (2001).

    4. Hui, K.; Liu , J. et al. “acupuncture modulates the limbic system and subcortical gray structures of the human brain: evidence from MRI stu­dies in normal subjects”, Human Brain Mapping 9 (2000) : 13-25.

    5. Chen, L.; Tang, J. et al. “The effect of location of transcutaneous electri­cal nerve stimulation on postoperative opioid analgesic requirement: acu­point versus nonacupoint stimulation”, Anesth Analg 87 (1998): 1129— 1134; Lao, L.; Bergman, S. et al. “Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery: a placebo-controlled trial”, Archives of Otolaryn­gology-Head and Neck Surgery 125 (1999): 567-572.

    6. Haker, E.; Egekvist, H. et al. “Effect of DSensory Stimulation Cacupunc- ture) on sympathetic and parasympathetic activités in healthy subjects”,
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