Appendix A: Stakeholder list

Activity/Industry	Typical volumes produced
Comment
Sewage sludge	312 000 t/a (DEAT, 1997)
Mining Industry	250 000-400 000t/a (estimate)	Neutralisation of mine water probably the main producer of sludge at present
Paper and pulp industry	234 000 t/a in 2003 @ 50% moisture content (DME, 2004)	Quantity and quality varies according to mill configuration and moisture content
Electricity generation	ESKOM does not report sludge volumes specifically
Tanneries	7 200 m^3/a (DEAT, 1997) effluent plant sludges
Petrochemical industries	Data not available
Textile industry	Effluent plant sludge 240 m^3/a Wool washing sludges20 700 m^3/a (DEAT, 1997)
Timber processing industry	Treatment sludges: 95 m^3/a (DEAT, 1997) – excludes paper industry

Smith and Vasiloudis (1989) estimate sewage sludge generation in South Africa at 16.5 kg of dry sludge per person per year (Quoted by other WRC reports). DWA 1997 used 50g dry sludge per person per day in their calculations to get to a total of 309 556 t/annum (Herselman et al. 2005). Sewage sludge production in South Africa is therefore estimated at between 45 and 50g of dry sludge per person per day. The production of sludge can be calculated based on population figures as well as on the number of households with access to flush toilets connected to municipal sewer systems. The results of such calculations are presented in Table 23.