Consequence of this contact: Arabic language retained three of the five Latin declinations of the end of the noun: 1. Nominative as in alkamisU if subject, 2. Accusative (dative) as in alkamisA if object, 3. Genitive (ablative) as in alkamisI if after a preposition.
Arabic world developments For many centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, the Arabic world was the centre of scientific and medical knowledge. Texts from Greece and Rome were translated into Arabic and studied by Islamic scholars. They developed and refined Hippocrates's theories and Islamic physicians began to use the regulation of diet, exercise and the prescription of medicinal herbs in the treatment of their patients. Arabic pharmacists became skilled in the formulation of medicines from plants and minerals. Even though they did not know about microbes, they used alcohol to clean wounds which healed better. By 931 AD, large hospitals were involved in the training and licensing of doctors and pharmacists. Officials tested medicines to certify that they were safe and visited pharmacists to make sure that prescriptions were being made correctly. All this was at the time when medicine in Europe was still governed by religion and superstition.Records show that Arabic doctors performed many different surgical operations including the removal of varicose veins, kidney stones and the replacement of dislocated limbs. They used sponges soaked in narcotic drugs which were placed over the patient's nose as early anesthetics.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037) He is one of the foremost philosophers of the golden age of Islamic tradition that also includes al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd. He is also known as al-Sheikh al-Rais (Leader among the wise men) a title given to him by his students. His philosophical works were one of the main targets of al-Ghazali’s attack on philosophical influences in Islam. In the west he is also known as the "Prince of Physicians" for his famous medical text al-Qanun "Canon". In Latin translations, his works influenced many Christian philosophers, most notably Thomas Aquinas.
Ibn Sina’s Laws of Medicine One of the most important medical books of its time, called the Laws of Medicine, was completed around 1030 AD and translated into Latin in the 12th Century. This encyclopedia of medicine contained five books detailing the formulation of medicines, diagnosis of disorders, general medicine and detailed therapies. It continued to be a great influence in the development of medicine in medieval Europe for hundreds of years.
Arab-Islamic science Often, there was a practical Islamic relevance: Astronomy could be used to work out the direction of prayer. Mathematics was needed for dividing property according to the Islamic law of inheritance.
Arabs now Oil wealth has led to a rapid modernization.Increase of schools and universities.Rise of number of professionals and technicians who work in the populated cities.
Arabs now Urbanization and industrialization have changed the demographical concentration of the Arab people. Technology is rapidly growing and is spread in some areas. Both men and women have acquired more education. As a result, employment opportunities have increased.
Arabs then and now
Arabs then and now
The Alexandria Protocol (7 October 1944) To strengthen and consolidate the ties which bind all Arab countries and to direct them toward the welfare of the Arab world, to improve its conditions, insure its future, and realize its hopes and aspirations, And in response to Arab public opinion in all Arab countries A Preliminary Committee of the General Arab Conference Arab countries met at Alexandria from September 25, 1944 to October 7, 1944 and agreed on the following:
LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES A League will be formed and independent Arab States to join in. It will have a council which will be known as the "Council of the League of Arab States" in which all participating states will be represented on an equal footing.
COOPERATION IN ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND OTHER MATTERS The Arab States represented on the Preliminary Committee shall closely cooperate in the following matters: (1) Economic and financial matters, i.e., commercial exchange, customs, currency, agriculture, and industry. (2) Communications, i.e., railways, roads, aviation, navigation, posts and telegraphs. (3) Cultural matters. (4) Questions of nationality, passports, visas, execution of judgments, extradition of criminals, etc. (5) Social questions. (6) Questions of public health.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |
