Bibliography: Land Degradation in South Africa project

springbokvlakte op veldsamestelling en diereproduksie. Technical Communication

No.110.Anonymous Anonymous Department of Agricultural Technical

Services:Pretoria. (110), 1973.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : SOIL NUTRIENTS; BUSH ENCROACHMENT; VELD CONDITION; DESERTIFICATION

CONTROL; LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Ref ID : 28

147. Anonymous The march of the Karoo. Aloe 11(2):34-35, 1973.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : KAROO DESERTIFICATION

Notes : This article is a precis made from a press release of the South African

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, issued on May 17, 1973. In

file.

Ref ID : 1687

148. Anonymous The March of the Karoo. CSIR34-35, 1973. (Abstract)

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : IRRIGATION; FIRE; FOREST; SATELLITE IMAGERY; BUSH ENCROACHMENT;

DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT; VEGETATION CHANGE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS

Notes : Photographs taken over SA and transmitted to earth by the US Earth

Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) have provided some interesting information

concerning plant ecology. The first full-scale report, issued by Pretoria

scientists from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the Soil and

Irrigation Research Institute and the Botanical Research Institute, has recently

been released. This precis deals with Karoo invasion, veld fires and forests.

Ref ID : 582

149. Anonymous Veldherwinning in Noord-Transvaal/Veld reclamation in Northern

Transvaal. Technical Communication No.119.Anonymous Anonymous Agricultural

Technical Services. (119), 1974.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; GRAZING EFFECTS; NORTHERN PROVINCE; VELD

MANAGEMENT

Ref ID : 271

150. Anonymous Soil loss estimator for southern Africa. Natal Agr Res Bull 7,

1976.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION

Ref ID : 1542

151. Anonymous United nations conference on desertification: a review of the

conference. Desertification Control Bulletin 1(1):1-10, 1978.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND USE; POPULATION; PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS; DESERTIFICATION

ASSESSMENT; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

Notes : Main issues agreed upon at the Conference were: the main cause of

desertification is the interaction between man and a fragile environment in dry

lands ecosystems. Man is the initiator and the victim of desertification.

Land-use practices which are inappropriate in degree or in kind are the

immediate causes of desertification in the marginal areas; the problem of

desertification is global and countries not directly affected suffer indirect

effects; the problem is serious, especially so in an era when food production

must be dramatically increased to provide adequate nourishment for growing

populations; in view of the world's food requirements, and because

desertification could be a self-accelerating process, certain aspects of the

problem require urgent action; man now possesses sufficient knowledge and

technical means to begin actions against desertification without delay. This

means that no country has to wait for further research before initiating action,

although, at the same time,one should not underestimate the value of carefully

directed research, whose findings could facilitate the struggle against

desertification and accelerate the attainment of the goals of the Plan of

Action.

Ref ID : 788

152. Anonymous The relationship between agriculture and environmental

conservation in Natal and Kwa Zulu. A symposium held in the Lecture Theatre at

the Aquarium, Lower Marine Parade, Durban on Thursday and Friday 19th and 20th

October, 1978. Organised by The Wildlife Society of S.A. (Natal Branch) and The

Royal Society of S.A. (Natal Branch).Anonymous Anonymous :64-70, 1978. 10-19-

1978.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND DEGRADATION; KWAZULU NATAL; COMMUNAL AREA; CONSERVATION; SOIL

EROSION

Notes : This review of the present situation concerning land degradation in

Natal, is based primarily on the assessment of ad hoc investigations and

studies, opinions of conservation specialists and personal experience. It is

confined to privately-owned areas and State land occupying 65% of Natal. Much

use is made of specific examples.

Ref ID : 1423

153. Anonymous Subsiding of soil conservation works. Pretoria:Department of

Agriculture and Fisheries. , 1978.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL CONSERVATION; CONSERVATION; SUBSIDIES

Notes : As from July 1 1977 the conditions and basis for the payment of

subsidies for soil conservation works in terms of the Soil Conservation Act

(Act 76 of 1969), as amended, changed. These changes include the types of soil

conservation works that qualify for subsidies and those which no longer qualify

for subsididies. At present the subsidy is paid on a number of conservation

works determined by the Minister in consultation with the Minister of Finance.

The percentage subsidy on every group of soil conservation works are indicated

in this document and is based on departmental calculations.

Ref ID : 787

154. Anonymous The relationship between agriculture and environmental

conservation in Natal and Kwa Zulu. A symposium held in the Lecture Theatre at

the Aquarium, Lower Marine Parade, Durban on Thursday and Friday 19th and 20th

October, 1978. Organised by The Wildlife Society of S.A. (Natal Branch) and The

Royal Society of S.A. (Natal Branch).Anonymous Anonymous :16-39, 1978. 10-19-

1978.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND DEGRADATION; KWAZULU NATAL; COMMUNAL AREA; CONSERVATION; SOIL

EROSION

Notes : The purpose of the paper by Begg is to present an alternative viewpoint

to that offered by Dr. J. Bertram, and to concentrate entirely on the impact

being made by the sugar industry on the estuaries of Natal. Because of its

location, it is not surprising that this industry has posed a particularly

severe threat to the wellbeing of Natal's estuarine resources, although it is

but one of the numerous activities in the provinces which has contributed to the

overall process of estuarine degradation. It's effects are insidious and are

only now becoming abundantly clear.

Ref ID : 1421

155. Anonymous The appointment and functioning of soil conservation committees.

Pretoria:Department of Agriculture. , 1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL CONSERVATION; CONSERVATION

Notes : In pursuance of the report of the departmental Committee of Enquiry into

Soil Conservation Committees and after consultation with the South African

Agricultural Union regarding the future of these committees, the Minister of

Agriculture and Fisheries has decided that the Soil Protection Advisory Board,

Regional Advisory Committee and Soil Conservation Committees, are to be

retained. The functions of the latter could be extended as set out in this

document. The appointment of the committtees, however, would not take place

automatically, but at the rquest of the community. When the Soil Conservation

Committees' terms of office terminated in September, 1980, they would not, as in

the past, be automatically re-elected.

Ref ID : 1537

156. Anonymous The creeping desert. The Economist :37, 1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DROUGHT; DISASTER MITIGATION; POVERTY; DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT

Notes : Right across Africa, from Senegal to Somalia, famine conditions are

spreading. In the Sahel, the zone to the south of the Sahara desert, conditions

are even worse than they were at this time of the year in 1973, when the outside

world first became aware of the scale of the disaster caused by five years of

drought. In 1973 perhaps 150 000 people died in the Sahel. Studies carried out

in Sudan show that since 1960 the desert has advanced 100 kilometres to the

south. The present rate of its advance in that sector is probably between 7km

and 8km a year, and in western Africa the Sahara is reported to be advancing

even faster.

Ref ID : 1266

157. Anonymous Handelinge van werksessie in verband met bosindringing en -

verdigting.Anonymous Anonymous Pretoria:Departement van Landbou en Visserye. :1,

1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : BUSH ENCROACHMENT; GRASSLAND

Notes : The meeting agreed to confine its discussions to bush encroachment in

the bushveld more specifically, to indigenous, subtropical, woody aliens in the

bushveld and surrounding grasslands. The following issues were included in

discussion: the extent of the problem; the causes; prevention; recovery and

renewal methods; and intervention action.

Ref ID : 1279

158. Anonymous Verslag van departementele komitee insake die bekamping van

veldagteruitgang in die Karoo en aangrensende weigebiede.Anonymous Anonymous

Pretoria:Deparment van Landbou - Tegniese Dienste. :1-78, 1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND DEGRADATION

Notes : This document explores the problem of land degradation in detail.

Specifically, the following are items for discussion: the problem of land

degradation; the causes of land degradation; possible intervention strategies;

integrating ideas and findings; and the provision of recommendations.

Ref ID : 1305

159. Anonymous Samevatting van die verslag van die departmentele komitee insake

die bekamping van veldagteruitgang in die Karoo en aangrensende

weigebiede.Anonymous Pretoria:Departement van Landbou en Visserye. :1-15, 1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND DEGRADATION; DROUGHT

Notes : This document reports on the following issues: definition of land

degradation; the problem area; causes (including physical and biological,

sociological and economic causes); and preventative measures (including limiting

the number of cattle; measures to control grazing; land ownership; sensus of

cattle and wild life; drought assistance; financial assistance in accordance

with the law; agricultural and farming planning; consolidation of uneconomical

farms; credit for farmers; and increasing knowledge and research).

Ref ID : 17

160. Anonymous Departmental committee report concerning the fight against veld

deterioration in the Karoo and adjoining areas.Anonymous Pretoria:Department of

Agriculture and Technical Services. , 1980.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : VEGETATION CHANGE; KAROO DESERTIFICATION; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL;

NAMA KAROO; GRASSLAND; STOCKING RATE

Ref ID : 272

161. Anonymous Kwazulu: The downward spiral. African Wildlife 34(5):5-6, 1980.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : COMMUNAL AREA; SOIL EROSION; LAND DEGRADATION; DESERTIFICATION

ASSESSMENT; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS; STOCKING RATE; POPULATION; KWAZULU NATAL;

KWAZULU; LAND USE; FORESTRY; RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Notes : In this article the needs of an ever-growing population in KwaZulu-Natal

are contrasted with a rapidly decline in soil quality and its ability to produce

food. "Positive strategies for the survival of these degraded areas and the

people who live there, are not as remote as many would have us believe", says

Prof. Hanks, Director of the Institute of Natural Resources. "What KwaZulu

urgently requires is a positive rural land use strategy which recognises the

prime importance of food production, but at the same time safeguards soil and

representative areas of natural ecosystems. Before this can be done a land

capability analysis is required that considers all the possible competing forms

of land use, such as forestry, crop production and natural ecosystem

utilisation". The Institute, with its proposals for a computer-based natural

resources data bank is the ideal organisation to undertake a multidisciplinary

project that will result in a rural development programme. Now that the

government has given the all-clear for planning on a broad-base in the

Natal/KwaZulu region Professor Hanks believes attempts can be made to ease an

explosive situation.

Ref ID : 347

162. Anonymous A system for the classification of soil erosion in the SARCCUS

region, Pretoria:Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1981.pp. 1-17.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION; SOUTHERN AFRICA; EROSION; REMOTE SENSING; MAPS;

CONSERVATION

Notes : The basis for erosion mapping is essentially similar to that for other

resource surveys such as soils. Advances in remote sensing technology have

opened up new avenues for erosion assessments. Use of the erosion classification

requires experience in air-photo interpretation techniques. Erosion maps will

greatly assist member countries of SARCCUS in their conservation efforts.

Ref ID : 1422

163. Anonymous Soil conservation works and financial assistance to farmers.

Pretoria:Depatment of Agriculture and Fisheries. , 1981.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL CONSERVATION; CONSERVATION; SUBSIDIES

Notes : Various forms of financial assistance are available to land users, such

as loans and subsidies under conditions of distress as well as soil conservation

subsidies to encourage land users to erect soil conservation works. (In

addition to the assistance offered by the Department of Agriculture and

Fisheries, the Provincial Administration also gives financial assistance in some

cases.) On certain types of soil conservation works a subsidy - determined by

the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in consultation with the Minister of

Finance - is paid. These works are classified as protection, veld utilisation

and drainage works..

Ref ID : 1278

164. Anonymous Norme vir veerproduksie.Anonymous Anonymous Departement van

Landbou en Visserye. :1-79, 1981.

Reprint : In File,

Notes : This document was drawn up with a view to providing practical norms for

cattle, sheep and goat production. Summary tables, intended for adaption to

farming needs, are included. In addition, criteria for norms are also provided

as annexures. The benefits and implications of one official grazing system is

motivated. The document concludes with some recommendations.

Ref ID : 1975

165. Anonymous Commercial timber resources and roundwood processing in South

Africa 1980/81.Anonymous Pretoria:Department of Environment Affairs. , 1982.

Reprint : Not in File,

Ref ID : 327

166. Anonymous Minimum tillage cuts soil losses on pineapple lands. Agricultural

News 10:15, 1982.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; SOIL EROSION; CULTIVATION; EROSION CONTROL

Ref ID : 1558

167. Anonymous Eerste verslag van die nasionale droogtekomitee insake

rampdroogtehulpskema vir ekstersiewe veeboerderygebiede 15 September 1982 tot 31

Maart 1984.Anonymous Pretoria:Department van Landbou. :1-87, 1982.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : AID; SUBSIDIES; STATISTICS; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; LIVESTOCK

PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION POTENTIAL; GRAZING EFFECTS

Notes : This report describes why the assistance (quantitatively as well as

qualitatively) provided to agricultural versus livestock farmers cannot be

compared. Direct financial aid is more open to abuse by agricultural farmers

than it is by livestock farmers. It is also shown that while it may seem that,

in the short term, subsidies to livestock farmers may appear prohibitive, in the

long term, it is in the interests of the whole of the country (in order to

increase and maintain the grazing potential of the land in SA) that such

assistance is provided to these farmers.

Ref ID : 1349

168. Anonymous New long-term drought assistance scheme for the extensive grazing

regions of the RSA. Pretoria:Department of Agriculture. , 1983. 5.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DROUGHT; CONSERVATION

Notes : The object of the drought assistance scheme is, in the first instance,

to preserve natural resources, particularly natural grazing. Future drought

assistance will therefore be seen as a conservation measure rather than a means

to survival. The pamphlet outlinse principles on which the drought assistance

plan is based; the area in which the scheme will apply; the conditions of the

scheme; assistance measures under the sheme; and participation in the scheme.

Ref ID : 1384

169. Anonymous Land tenure in Natal 1910-1960.Anonymous Anonymous Cape

Town:University of Cape Town. (4):29-49, 1983.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND TENURE; LEGISLATION; POLICY

Notes : In 1910 Natal became part of the newly created Union of South Africa.

In this section the major features of legislation affecting African access to

land in Natal after Union are outlined; the information should be read against

the background provided by the brief historical overiew of the evolution of

South Africa's reserve policy in Volume one of this book.

Ref ID : 577

170. Anonymous Talking about drought: women from two Transkei villages discuss

their problems, Marshalltown:Environmental and Development Agency, 1983.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : DROUGHT; TRANSKEI; COMMUNAL AREA; LAND USE

Ref ID : 1705

171. Anonymous Population growth and resource demands. In: Environmental

concerns in South Africa: technical and legal perspectives, edited by Fuggle,

R.F. and Rabie, M.A.Cape Town:Juta & Co., Ltd. 1983,p. 23-29.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : POPULATION; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS

Notes : This chapter has attempted to illustrate the consequences of SA's

growing population on the country's natural resource base. It has pointed to

the problems generated by an expanding population in terms of both urban

development and agricultural production. The problems of providing for an

expanding population and meeting demands for social justice are complex, more

complex than analysis by present-day methods of systems analysis or other

scientific, social or technological tools allows. In man-environment

relationships everything and everyone are all interrelated so it is necessary to

move away from simplistic linear thinking to cyclic cybernetic thinking that is

harmonious with the natural processes which sustain life. The problems facing

SA because of population growth, the need for social justice, and their

consequent demands on the natural resource base will not be solved by

politicians, businessmen, scientists of engineers working independently of one

another. Co-ordinated multidisciplinary approaches to planning for the future

will be required.

Ref ID : 566

172. Anonymous Crop strategy for Natal in the aftermath of drought.Anonymous

Cedara College of Agriculture and Research Station. N/A/83/8, 1983.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : DROUGHT; POLICY; KWAZULU NATAL; CULTIVATION; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Ref ID : 1430

173. Anonymous Nasionale weidingsstrategie konsep- toespraak vir

minister.Anonymous Pretoria:Departement van Landbou en Watervoorsiening. :1-40,

1984.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : POLICY; DROUGHT; SUBSIDIES; GRAZING EFFECTS; LAND DEGRADATION; AID;

VELD CONDITION

Notes : This document outlines: the Minister's evaluation regarding grazing; a

policy for grazing in the future; the effects of droughts; an inventory of veld

degradation; priorities around grazing strategies; the influence of

administratively set prices for produce on farmers decision-making processes and

use of grazing; the effects of the current tax structure on the optimal use of

natural grazing; the effects of having certain conditions for state subsidies;

the movement of animals from extensive grazing areas to high potential areas;

the perceptions of cattle farmers regarding grazing practices; the determination

of grazing capacity and cattle norms; and problems of lack of research into

grazing. Further, it sets out a national grazing strategy and provides

recommendations. It is hoped that before the end of 1989 a national framework of

evaluation of veld degradation can be implemented so that the condition of the

veld will be able to be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively from time to

time.

Ref ID : 578

174. Anonymous The utilization of soil in high drought risk areas, Soil Science

Society of South Africa, 1984.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION; DROUGHT; CULTIVATION

Ref ID : 1709

175. Anonymous Conservation of agricultural resources Act, 1983 (Act 43 of

1983). Pretoria:Government Printers. Republic of South Africa Government Gazette

9238(227):1-56, 1984.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : CONSERVATION; LEGISLATION; BUSH ENCROACHMENT; AGRICULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT

Notes : This Act deals with definitions, control measures, weeds and invader

plants, directions, conservation committees, beacons and marks, appeals and

general, concerning conservation of agricultural resources.

Ref ID : 1094

176. Anonymous National grazing strategy. 1984.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES; VELD MANAGEMENT; VELD CONDITION; SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE; POLICY

Notes : This article attempts to take make practical recommendations based on

the finding contained in the White Paper on Agricultural Policy tabled in

Parliament in May 1984, to the effect that natural veld grazing is deteriorating

to an alarming extent, in the RSA. It attempts to take forward important aims

formulated in the White Paper, namely: to create an independent and financially

sound (livestock) industry; to restrict ad hoc measures to the minimum; to

strive for a maximum number of well-trained and financially sound (livestock)

farmers in the grazing areas; to contribute to Regional development; and to

strive for self-sufficiency in respect of meat and fibre, by implementing a goal

oriented strategy to curb veld deterioration and develop the potential of the

natural pastures of the RSA. The broad objective of the national grazing

strategy is: "to use, develop and manage the natural and cultivated pasture in

the RSA in such a way that it may yield the greatest sutainable benefit to

present generations while maintainng its potential to meet the needs and