Bibliography: Land Degradation in South Africa project

has been compiled. It is, in fact, the first attempt made to date to put

together a single coherent picture of the state of the South African

environment. It comes at a time when the country stands poised on the brink of

a great debate aimed at putting together a new Constitution and formulating

principles to help all South Africans to find health, happiness and prosperity

in a new future.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; POLICY; FORESTRY;

POPULATION; GLOBAL CHANGE

Notes : Interesting section on page 95 on desertification in which the

contribution that Hoffman & Cowling (1990) made is included. In file pp. 93-101.

Ref ID : 1567

204. Anonymous Success stories in Desertification Control.Anonymous

Nairobi:United Nations Environment Programme. , 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; FORESTRY; DROUGHT; INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS;

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; POVERTY; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

Notes : This report publishes some successes in desertification control, so that

all those involved in desertfication control in various parts of the world can

benefit from the experiences of others. The collection of stories includes

reports on: a programme from Gareh Bygone Plain, Iran; the sand encroachment

project, Cele; the watershed development programme, Rajasthan; SOS Sahel

community forestry project, Ed Debba; and food for the hungry Ethiopia, Alaba

Siraro environmental project. Included is a paper concerning how the BMC

operations depend on the state of the Rangelands, the effects of drought on

numbers and quality/condition of cattle coming to BMC and our expectations of

research institutes.

Ref ID : 1265

205. Anonymous Die droogte in die Nasionale State.Anonymous Anonymous

Petoria:Departement van Samewerking en Ontwikkeling. :1-9, 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : DROUGHT

Notes : This article explores the following issues: drought assistance provided

to white farmers in the RSA; suggestions regarding employment creation and

crisis funding; drought assistance to cattle farmers; and other forms of

assistance.

Ref ID : 1352

206. Anonymous Report of meeting that was held on 17/02/93 at contralesa offices

with Trac, ANC, Contralesa, and RAC, in Moutse Magisterial District, Mpumalanga

Province.Anonymous Mpumalanga: 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : MPUMALANGA

Notes : Villages reported on to be experiencing problems in development were:

Ramantsho village, Waterval, Wolwekraal and Kameelrivier. Uitvlucht,

Driefontein and Doornlaagte indicated that they wanted to make land claims,

against central government, for trust land owned by RSA. A strategy was

developed for land claims, as was one for ownership issues. The plan of action

adopted regarding communication with both chiefs and parliament concerning land

claims.

Ref ID : 664

207. Anonymous National Veld Trust Jubilee Conference, 2 to 4 November 1993,

CSIR Conference Centre, Pretoria, Johannesburg:Development Bank of Southern

Africa, 1993.pp. 1-133.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; VELD MANAGEMENT

Notes : This short review aims to identify the factors and values on which

sustainable societies will depend, considering first some universal principles

then some elements unique to Africa, south of the Sahara. In essence, it aims

to challenge us to accept the ecological realities of this fragile continent

which shows signs of slipping behind the rest of the Third World.

Ref ID : 589

208. Anonymous Drought, relief and rural communities,

Pietermaritzburg:Association for Rural Advancement, 1993.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : DROUGHT; SUBSIDIES; COMMUNAL AREA

Ref ID : 958

209. Anonymous Bestuurshandleiding/Management handbook.Anonymous Directorate of

Resource Conservation. :1-140, 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL CONSERVATION; EROSION CONTROL; CONSERVATION; POLICY

Notes : This document is intended as a guideline for management decisions to be

taken by the Directorate of Resource Conservation, and is simultaneously a

training manual for the use, by personnel, within the Directorate. The document

could, conceivably, contribute to better communication within the Directorate

insofar as each member of staff will have access to the policy guidelines

provided herein.

Ref ID : 1267

210. Anonymous South African Agriculture: structure, performance & implications

for the future.Anonymous Anonymous Agriculture and Enviroment Division. :1-186,

1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Notes : The following are discussed in this document: the role of agriculture in

the macro-economy; the structure, resource endowment, and performance of the

agricultural sector; evolution of the contemporary agrarian structure; marketing

and pricing; efficiency of agricultural production; and farm profitability.

Ref ID : 558

211. Anonymous People, land use and the environment. Proceedings of a workshop

on natural resource use for a New South Africa, 9-10 March 1993.Anonymous

Anonymous Johannesburg:Land & Agriculture Policy Centre. , 1993.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : LAND USE; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS

Ref ID : 1525

212. Anonymous Deserts on the brink. In: Deserts: the encroaching wilderness. A

world conservation atlas, edited by Allan, T. and Warren, A.New York:Oxford

University Press, 1993,p. 160-167.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : CONSERVATION; POLITICAL ASPECTS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; GOVERNMENT

INITIATIVES; COMMUNAL AREA; INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

Notes : The World Conservation Union believes that communities themselves must

be able to take the first steps to address the conservation challenge, namely by

participating in primary environmental care programmes. Such local action has

to build upon improved understanding of both the ecological characteristics of

areas and upon the interactions that result when human intervention occurs. It

must also be built upon more sensitive actions by governments, both local and

external, which must recognise the rights of the communities in these regions.

Governments must also act to protect the long-term interests of national and

global communities.

Ref ID : 957

213. Anonymous Guidelines for rural development in South Africa. 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : RURAL DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION; POLICY

Notes : The Working Group on Rural Development was established in October 1989

by the Multilateral Technical Committee on Agriculture, Environment and Water

Affairs to attend the specific problems and needs of the rural populations of

its member regions. Its specific objective is: "To improve the quality of life

of rural people by actively promoting multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional

approaches to self-sustaining development." These guidelines are a synthesis of

the experience of the member regions and are intended as a practical guide to

rural developers and decision makers and to serve as an input to the rural

development debate presently gaining momentum in South Africa. The document

reflects the Working Group's understanding of rural development and ways to deal

with the following major obstacles when trying to achieve an integrated approach

to the development of rural areas: policy; rural analysis; institutional

delivery systems; a participative approach to development; human resource

development and training; and funding.

Ref ID : 1559

214. Anonymous Werkswinkel oor die bediening van kleinboere. 1993.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND TENURE; METHODOLOGIES; LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION; LEGISLATION;

POLICY; ECONOMIC ASPECTS; AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION; INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

Notes : A summary of the proceedings include the following items: conscious

attempts must be made to improve communication between all interested parties;

partnerships must be formed and expanded between all role players; communities

must play an active part in setting down their needs; land tenure and other

legal obstacles must be attended to urgently; the development of appropriate

support mechanisms (eg. marketing, agricultural and industrial credit facilities

etc.) is a necessity; a proactive approach to the development of technology for

small farmers must be explored; the extension personnel in the Department should

be retrained regarding the approach and methodology followed when working with

beginner farmers; the expansion of appropriate institutions will have to be

developed; and appropriate strategies must be developed to assist each new

farmer in each area.

Ref ID : 665

215. Anonymous Conservation Publications, Pretoria:Department of Agriculture,

1994.pp. 13-105.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : CONSERVATION; BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abstract : During a worksession on agricultural resource conservation services

in March 1992, a survey of the resources conservation status in the RSA was

identified as a first priority. This is a study of the conservation status of

lands in the landtypes and Magisterial districts of the Highveld Region.

Ref ID : 531

216. Anonymous Soil erosion and degradation as a result of landuse practices: a

conference under the auspices of the International Geographical Union hosted by

the University of Cape Town, 14-17 January 1994.Anonymous Anonymous

Rondebosch:University of Cape Town. , 1994. 01-14-1994.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION; LAND DEGRADATION

Ref ID : 651

217. Anonymous SA Navy and oceanographers team up to study erosion. Monday Paper

13(16):3, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : SOIL EROSION; SEDIMENTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; EROSION

Notes : Refers to a research cruise undertaken by UCT's Department of Geological

Scences and several oceanographic colleagues, in cooperation with the SAS Protea

to obtain accurate dates of organic matter in mud samples (taken from sub-

catchment area of the Caledon River) to test that modern sedimentation rates,

linked to accelerated soil erosion, were significantly higher than normal.

Pollen studies were also carried out and detailed size analyses of the sediments

were carried out.

Ref ID : 1172

218. Anonymous Agriculture in South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa:Chris van

Rensburg Publications, 1994.pp. iii-152.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : STATISTICS; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Ref ID : 1564

219. Anonymous Desertification treaty on the way. Science News 146(19):1, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : AID; DESERTIFICATION CONTROL; POLICY; LEGISLATION

Notes : This article points out problems brought about by desertification and

what little is being done to reverse the process. Hoping to slow or even

reverse the process, 87 nations signed a convention in Paris on October 14 and

15. This document will become an internatonal treaty when ratified by 50 of the

87 nations who signed it. "The proposed treaty would work to channel

'substantial' additional funds into protecting the fertility of arid lands.

Though industrial donor nations refused to commit themselves to legally binding

contributions during the Paris meeting, several pledged to boost the aid

packages they would earmark for antidesertification programs in the next few

years ... prior to the treaty's ratification.".

Ref ID : 819

220. Anonymous Support to small farmers who have obtained access to land in

KwaZulu-Natal.Anonymous KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture. N/A/94/67-53,

1994.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : KWAZULU NATAL; ECONOMIC ASPECTS; LAND REFORM

Ref ID : 1529

221. Anonymous Report of the workshop on grassroots indicators for sustainable

and equitable development 18-19 October 1993, IDRC, Ottawa.Anonymous

Ottawa:IDRC. :1-28, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : MONITORING; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY;

DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT; POLICY; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS; POLITICAL ASPECTS;

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Notes : The report considers the following questions: what is the nature of

local knowledge about the environment and how important is it to decision-making

in the local context?; how can such local knowledge be important to decision-

making at the local level and how can it contribute to broader sustainable and

equitable developmental goals?; how can the use and development of local

knowledge as a decision-making tool (for example, as indicators in the

environmental monitoring and reporting systems) be supported, validated, and

enhanced to enable communities to better adapt to changes in their

environments?; and what changes in regional, national and international

reporting and decision-making processes are needed to increase their receptivity

to local, or "grassroots" environmental indicators, and improve the integration

of such indicators within environmental monitoring systems for sustainable and

equitable development?

Ref ID : 1540

222. Anonymous Desertification ...land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry

subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and

human activities. Our Planet 6(5):4, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : LAND DEGRADATION; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; SOIL EROSION;

POLITICAL ASPECTS; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS; METHODOLOGIES; RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Notes : This is a brief report on the outcome of the United Nations Conference

on Desertification (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. At the conference,

the word "desertification" was replaced by the concepts "land degradation"

and/or "loss of soil productivity". It was recommended at this conference that

significant political effort should be made to negotiate an intergovernmental

convention on desertification - the Convention to Combat Desertification. UNCED

highlighted desertification as a social problem with marked political dimensions

as much as a technical one. From this realisation emerged a common

understanding of the importance of the 'bottom-up' approach, a recognition of

the necessity for community involvement and commitment in conservation projects.

Ref ID : 2293

223. Anonymous International convention to combat desertification.Anonymous

Anonymous Intergovernmental negotiating committee for the elaboration of an

international convention to combat desertification in those countries

experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa. ,

1994.

Reprint : In File,

Notes : This document provides a summary of that which all parties have agreed

to; an introduction to the issue of desertification; general provisions; action

programmes, scientific technical co-operation and supporting measures;

institutions; procedures; final provisions. Annexures include regional

implementation annex for Africa; regional implementation annex for Asia;

regional implementation annex for Latin America and the Caribbean; regional

implementation annex for the northern Mediterranean; and resolution on interim

arrangements and on urgent action for Africa.

Ref ID : 2296

224. Anonymous Water supply and sanitation policy - White Paper: Water - an

indivisible national asset.Anonymous Cape Town:Department of Water Affairs and

Forestry. , 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : POLICY

Notes : The objective of this White Paper is to set out the policy for the new

Department with specific regard to water supply and sanitation services. It

does not address other functions of the Department such as the management of the

quantity and quality of water resources except insofar as they are relevant to

the main theme. The focus on water supply and sanitation services reflects the

current absence of coherent policy in this area and the high priority given to

them by the Government of National Unity. This is in turn a response to the

need for urgent action expressed repeatedly at local level ; after jobs and

housing, water supply is the issue which South Africans want to see government

address most urgently. The purpose of the White Paper is to: 1. provide some

historical background regarding water supply and sanitation development in South

Africa; 2. explain the development approach which has guided policy

formulation; 3. put forward certain basic policy principles; 4. outline the

institutional framework proposed for water supply and sanitation services; 5.

set out policy for the financing of services; 6. outline certain immediate

initiatives which are being taken; and 7. provide supplementary policy and

briefing information on important related topics. This paper attempts to make

the issues addressed understandable to as wide a group of people as possible.

Ref ID : 2300

225. Anonymous Water and sanitation handbook - for community leaders - (urban

and peri-urban). Report compiled for the Water Research Commission.Anonymous

Keniworth:Palmer Development Group. TT 68/95, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Notes : This report explains in lay-person's language: how water gets into a

tap; how sewage is removed and where it goes; the ways that water and sanitation

systems rely on each other; different water supply systems and how they work;

different sanitation systems and how they work; who should provide clean water

and santifation services; having water and sanitation services installed with

houses; how much water people use; how much water and sanitation systems cost;

who pays for water and sanitation services; and what you need to know when

negotiating for water and sanitation services.

Ref ID : 1573

226. Anonymous Desertification convention adopted. UN Chronicle 31(3):1, 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : UN CONVENTION; DROUGHT; POPULATION; INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS; AID;

METHODOLOGIES; POLICY; SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS

Notes : The adoption of the UN Convention to combat desertification in those

countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in

Africa, was the culmination of 13 months of work. The convention calls for

international action, including the moblization of substantial financial

resources, transfer of anti-desertification technologies from developed to

developing countries, information exchange, and research and training

programmes. It commits countries to a bottom-up approach calling for the local

population and national authorities to work with the international community,

which is indicative of the recognition that desertification must be fought at

grassroots levels. The strategy adopted at this convention attempts to redress

mistakes apparently made at a previous UN Plan of Action to Combat

Desertification, adopted in 1977 where inadequate funding, and a too narrow

technical focus contributed to its falling short of expectations. A failure to

give sufficient recognition to socio-economic causes of the problem of

desertification and the failure of the meeting to involve local populations in

discussions are also believed to have contributed to the latter meeting's

inadequacy.

Ref ID : 955

227. Anonymous Agricultural outlook conference 1994, CSIR conference centre,

Pretoria, 24 and 25 February 1994. 1994.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; POLICY

Notes : According to Binswager (1993) of the World Bank, redistribution of

commercial land is required in SA and rapid restitution of land in former black

spots is essential, otherwise land invasion will escalate. The World Bank and

local groups operating through the ANC Land and Agricultural Policy Centre

(LAPC) have submitted their options and proposals for reconstruction of the

agricultural industry. Some of the conclusions expressed in LAPC reports and

World Bank documents are strongly supported, namely to use judicial approaches

to settle land claims rather than political ones; to use market-assisted reforms

and not nationalisation and that the government would not take ownership of

land. Although expropriation is kept as an option in this proposal, private

deals are seen as the main method of transfer of ownership. The reconstruction

proposals for SA as far as general claims are concerned, basically implies a

voluntary arrangement between buyers and sellers. Also, it is expected that SA

will move from the policy era of isolation to be more of a world player, which

requires sensitivity to international investors. Addressing the land issue is

important in achieving stability in society. What is affordable to the state and

what is fair would be important considerations. The extension programme will

switch to small scale agriculture. In the financial provision of small scale

farmers it is important that steps should be taken to avoid that those with

policitial connections do not use the system to their advantage. It is

suggested that financial institutions undertake the screening of farmers and

rather than political processes.

Ref ID : 2200

228. Anonymous Inventory groundwater levels as recorded at operational

groundwater level monitoring stations and possible correlations with causative

monthly rainfalls to December 1994.Anonymous Department of Water Affairs and

Forestry. GH3829, 1995.

Reprint : Not in File,

Keywords : MONITORING; RAINFALL

Ref ID : 1282

229. Anonymous Summary of the report of the commission for the socio-economic

development of the Bantu areas within the Union of South Africa.Anonymous

Pretoria:Goverment Printer. U.G. 61/1955:1-213, 1995.

Reprint : In File,

Keywords : POPULATION; LAND TENURE; LABOUR; POLICY; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT;

IRRIGATION; FORESTRY; CARRYING CAPACITY

Notes : The report is divided into 5 parts: (1) A broad perspective, which

includes the following headings - the bantu background; contacts between

europeans and bantu in SA; results of contact between the european and the

bantu; christian missions among the bantu in SA; bantu education; the population