Blake Invitational 1 Kamiak nb aff

22 Edgemont ML Aff

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Part one: Framing

Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is flawed because exclusion is based on arbitrarily perceived difference.

Winter and Leighton 01. Winter, D. D., and Dana C. Leighton." Structural violence." Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (2001): 99-101.

Finally, to recognize ... building lasting peace.

Thus, the standard is mitigating structural violence.

Theories that can’t create material change in the real world are counter-productive and threaten actual solutions to oppression.

Curry 14. Tommy J. “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century” (2014) Victory Briefs, p. 55-56 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM

Despite the pronouncement ... contemporary moral parameters.

Part two: Contention

Welcome to Trump’s America – business is booming as the criminal justice system has been turned into a cash-crop – private prisons are exponentially expanding.

Long 2-24. Heather Long, 2-24-2017, "Private prison stocks up 100 since Trump's win," CNNMoney, http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/24/investing/private-prison-stocks-soar-trump/index.html

Thanks to President Donald Trump, America's private prisons appear to be entering a gold age. RS

The stocks of ... upgrading antiquated facilities.

Neo-liberals use plea bargaining to stock up for-profit prisons with poor, people of color for non-violent crimes.

Weil 1. Danny Weil is a writer for Project Censored and Daily Censored. He received the Project Censored "Most Censored" News Stories of 2009-10 award for his article: "Neoliberalism, Charter Schools and the Chicago Model / Obama and Duncan's Education Policy: Like Bush's, Only Worse," published by Counterpunch, August 24, 2009. Dr. Weil has published more than seven books on education in the past 20 years. You can also read much more about the for-profit, predatory colleges in his writings found at Counterpunch.com, Dailycensored.com, dissidentvoice.com and Project Censored.com where he has covered the issue of the privatization of education for years. He can be reached at [e-mail]. His new book, an encyclopedia on charter schools, entitled: "Charter School Movement: History, Politics, Policies, Economics and Effectiveness," 641 pages, was published in August of 2009 by Grey House Publishing, New York, and provides a scathing look at the privatization of education through charter schools., 11-7-2012, "Widespread Use of Plea Bargains Plays Major Role in Mass Incarceration," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/12556-overwhelming-use-of-plea-bargains-plays-major-role-in-mass-incarceration RS

Plea bargains are ... of their professions.

Plea bargains have turned Black imprisonment into a norm – this creates the perception that the CJS will never help Black people, spiraling them into terrible plea bargains.

Savitsky 9. Douglas Savitsky, August 2009, " THE PROBLEM WITH PLEA BARGAINING: DIFFERENTIAL SUBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING AS AN ENGINE OF RACIAL DISPARITY IN THE UNITED STATES PRISON SYSTEM," Graduate School of Cornell University, https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/13836/Savitsky,20Douglas.pdf;jsessionid=DE14F39410C058991E3374CCD77199EE?sequence=1 RS

Plea bargains account for more than 90 percent of guilty verdicts (Friedman 1993).

Their use lowers ... move through it.

The impact is devastating – minorities face psychological violence and are forced into a permanent underclass regardless of how much time they serve.

McLeod 15 (Allegra McLeod is an Associate Professor at the Georgetown University Law Center. “Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice,” UCLA Law Review, Number 1156. 2015. http://www.uclalawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/McLeod_6.2015.pdf) WW JA 10/11/17

These horrific experiences ... humanized their prisons.127

Case outweighs – the state masks violent inequalities with big-stick threats.

Jackson 12. Richard Jackson: I am currently the Deputy Director of the National Peace and Conflict Studies Centre at the University of Otago, New Zealand. Prior to this, I was Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University in Wales, UK. I study and teach on issues of terrorism, political violence, conflict resolution and war. "The Great Con of National Security,". 8-5-2012. Richardjacksonterrorismblog. https://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/ RS

It may have ... on this fact.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should abolish plea-bargaining in the criminal justice system

Stephen J. Schulhofer is Robert B. McKay Professor of Law at the New York University School of Law. His books includenbsp; Rethinking the Patriot Act, The Enemy Within , andnbsp; Unwanted Sex . “Plea Bargaining as Disaster” The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. Vol 101, No. 8 1992

Central to my ... as a whole.

Abolishing plea-bargaining for even a few jurisdictions would lead to thousands of people activating their right to trial—this would crash the criminal justice system and force a foundational reevaluation of the prison industrial complex.

Alexander 12. Michelle Alexander: NYT writer and author of new novel – New Jim Crow – covers horrors of incarceration and prison industrial complex’s colorblindness, 3-10-2012, "Opinion," New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/11/opinion/sunday/go-to-trial-crash-the-justice-system.html RS

AFTER years as ... risk our lives.”

The plan solves – puts burden of proof on governments, significantly reducing prosecutions.

Weil 3. Danny Weil is a writer for Project Censored and Daily Censored. He received the Project Censored "Most Censored" News Stories of 2009-10 award for his article: "Neoliberalism, Charter Schools and the Chicago Model / Obama and Duncan's Education Policy: Like Bush's, Only Worse," published by Counterpunch, August 24, 2009. Dr. Weil has published more than seven books on education in the past 20 years. You can also read much more about the for-profit, predatory colleges in his writings found at Counterpunch.com, Dailycensored.com, dissidentvoice.com and Project Censored.com where he has covered the issue of the privatization of education for years. He can be reached at [e-mail]. His new book, an encyclopedia on charter schools, entitled: "Charter School Movement: History, Politics, Policies, Economics and Effectiveness," 641 pages, was published in August of 2009 by Grey House Publishing, New York, and provides a scathing look at the privatization of education through charter schools., 11-7-2012, "Widespread Use of Plea Bargains Plays Major Role in Mass Incarceration," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/12556-overwhelming-use-of-plea-bargains-plays-major-role-in-mass-incarceration RS

If plea bargains ... many others know.

UV

Laws have symbolic effects—means it can work with social movements

Kara A. Knight 11, MSc in progress in Gender and Development Studies at the University of the West Indies Mona, "The Historical Construction of Black Female Sexuality: The Establishment of theDominant view, its continued effects in modern Caribbean Society and the ways in whichblack Feminist Critics seek to Challenge it.," 3/21/11, https://www.academia.edu/1548854/The_Historical_Construction_of_Black_Female_Sexuality

One of the main ... excluded from … power (Lewis 2002: 517).

Intersectionality alone is problematic

Floya Anthias, Winter 2008, Professor @ School of Business and Social Sciences, Roehampton University, “Thinking through the lens of translocational positionality: an intersectionality frame for understanding identity and belonging,” Translocations: Migration and Social Change, http://www.dcu.ie/imrstr/volume_4_issue_1/Vol_4_Issue_1_Floya_Anthias.pdf

Arguably, one danger ... within intersectionality frameworks.