Chapter 1 Introduction What are the issues of the day?


Protection or Provocation?



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Protection or Provocation?

Which American citizens is the president protecting?

So, can the president hire Halliburton to deliver humanitarian aid, then send in troops to protect it?

Can the president also protect foreigners?

What are examples?

Somalia

What crisis brought the UN into Somalia in 1992?

What did UN Resolution 794 provide for Somalia?

What was the initial US military involvement?

Did Congress support this?

Why did we go into Mogadishu?

What did the White House Counsel's office say was the core of the president's power to do this?

Battle of Mogadishu - October 1993

Black Hawk Down - 1993

What limits did Congress put in the appropriations bill after this?

What did the president do?

What was the impact of this on our response to the Rwandan Genocide - 1994

Foreign Control of US Troops

What potential constitutional problem is posed by putting US troops under foreign control?

Can Congress constitutionally prevent the president from putting troops under foreign control, if it is otherwise allowed?

Does it matter whether the actions in Iraq and Afghanistan are characterized as humanitarian, rather than military?

What about Pakistan?

What is the threat?

How has the situation changed over the past 2 years?

Why are we so worried about Pakistan?

The bomb?

India?

Why does it make Afghanistan a secondary issue?

Chapter 14 - Intelligence Operations

Why did the Intelligence Fail to Precipitate Appropriate Action?

Pearl Harbor - 1941 - The Japanese had already bombed bases farther West in the Pacific.

Why didn't we move the ships out of the harbor?

Bay of Pigs

4 American pilots and over 100 Cuban invaders were killed in battle | 1,400 Cuban invaders felt betrayed by their sponsor | One U.S. senator lied to the United Nations | One U.S. president was embarrassed in front of the world April 1961

Iran hostage crisis

Should the CIA have figured out that letting the Shah of Iran in was going to be trouble?

Should they have emptied the embassy?

Is it failure of basic information? Analysis? Strategic judgment?

Secrecy Policy

What can the government keep secret and how far can it go to do it?

What can the government do to collect intelligence, both foreign and domestic?

How far can the government go with covert operations as a tool of foreign policy?

What is the cost to domestic society as we increase surveillance of citizens?

Is it a good idea to move from clearly separated foreign/domestic and national/local surveillance and policing to an integrated national surveillance and policing system?

Keeping Secrets

Did the founders anticipate that there would be government secrets?

What about the constitutional convention itself?

What did they think of legislative history?

Was Congress allowed to keep its proceedings secret?

What was the practice for executive branch agencies until FOIA?

Why is congressional reporting a problem for secrecy?

Why did Ford object to broadening reporting requirements?

What can you do to a congressman who leaks info?

What if Berkley elects a communist to Congress?

What are the INTs?

human intelligence or espionage (HUMINT)

imagery intelligence (IMINT)

signals intelligence (SIGINT) and

measurement and signatures intelligence (MASINT)

Except for open-source intelligence (OSINT), each of the INTs has a self-contained process, from collection to delivery.

The Nature of Intelligence

What is the stovepipe problem?

What is the raw material of intelligence?

What is the NSA getting when it scans a zillion phone calls?

What do covert agents get in most cases?

Why is it impossible to separate analysis from intelligence?

Why is it impossible to separate politics and bias from analysis?

What are the pros and cons of a single intelligence service in terms of analysis?

Origin of the CIA

What did the president do for intelligence before World War II?

Was there a specific foreign intelligence service?

What was the WWII agency that became the CIA?

Why is the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 seen as ratifying clandestine intelligence gathering?

What does the NSA do?

Federal, State, Local Distinctions

How is surveillance and policing done at the state and local level?

Did all of these levels communicate effectively?

Why could this be a problem?

Why was this division seen as important to protecting liberty?

Why do we elect sheriffs and judges, when their jobs call for specific skills that elections do not measure well?

What is are the risks of having a single agency covering everything from foreign to local, under a single executive branch secretary?

After 9/11

What did the 9/11 commission recommend?

Does this overturn the traditional division between domestic and international intelligence?

Historically, who did national domestic surveillance?

Who did foreign?

Why were they divided?

Does this division make sense?


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