Division of Executive Power and Intergovernmental Relations Con’d
limitation to this manner of enforcing federal laws.
The law enforcement mechanisms belong mainly to the states and therefore even if the law is federal, its implementation by and large depends on the capacity, cooperation and passion with which the states seek to enforce it.
This concern seems to justify the dual polity of the United States. As one writer noted: ‘In the United States it is difficult to imagine that Congress would ever trust the states to enforce federal laws.
It is to minimize this risk that the German and Swiss federations provide saving clauses that state if necessary, the federal government may set up its own autonomous institutions to administer its laws.
Division of Executive Power and Intergovernmental Relations Con’d
While the existence of dual authority may be the defining element of the United States federalism and executive federalism a main feature of the Swiss, German and to some degree Indian federations, federal practice indicates that the difference between the two systems is not as sharp as is suggested in theory.
The System of Intergovernmental Relations in Ethiopia
According to Assefa F., there is neither a comprehensive dual structure nor executive federalism at work. The institution of co-operative federalism, too, is not well-known.
Delegation , art 50(9) and 51 of constitution.
Apparently, the Ethiopian constitution seems to provide for downward delegation only. It is silent as to whether the states can delegate their powers to the federal government.
The System of Intergovernmental Relations in Ethiopia Con’d
Looking at the list of powers of the MOFAand the practice, it is the assistance, not to all the states but to the less developed states, which is still given emphasis.
