Clusa-natural resource management

TABLE 9. HONEY TREE (BEE FORAGE) SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

(top 3 species highlighted)

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
Acacia galpini	mkunku	Ntambwa	5 of 7	many flowers, big comb
Adansonia digitata	mlambe baobob	Ndelemani	4 of 7	sweetness, flavour
Adenia senensis	mwanya	Tontholani	3 of 7	sweetness, flavour
Afzelia quanzensis	msambamafumu mgalilondo	Tontholani	2 of 7	sweetness, flavour
Brachystegia longifolia	mbovu bovu	Tontholani Ntambwa Ndelemani	4 of 7 2 of 7 3 of 7	sweetness, flavour many flowers, big comb sweetness, flavour
Combretum molle	kalama mkalama	Tontholani Ntambwa Ndelemani Kazika	1 of 7 3 of 7 3 of 7 2 of 5	sweetness, flavour many flowers, big comb sweetness, flavour available, many flowers, no ill health effects
Dalbergiella nyasae	mkanganjovu	Kazika	3 of 5	available, many flowers, no ill health effects
Diplorynchus condylocarpon	mtowa mtombozi	Tontholani Ndelemani	4 of 7 5 of 7	sweetness, flavour sweetness, flavour
Julbernardia globiflora	kamponi	Ntambwa Kazika	1 of 7 1 of 5	many flowers, big comb available, many flowers, no ill health effects
Lannea discolor	shaumbu	Kazika	2 of 5	available, many flowers, no ill health effects
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia	msolo soyo?	Tontholani Ndelemani	4 of 7 6 of 7	sweetness, flavour sweetness, flavour
Pterocarpus rotundifolia	mbangozi	Tontholani Ndelemani Kazika	1 of 7 1 of 7 1 of 5	sweetness, flavour (RECALL STATUS: RARE) sweetness, flavour available, many flowers, no ill health effects
Sterculia africana	mlele	Ntambwa	3 of 7	many flowers, big comb
Terminalia sericea	gonondo	Ntambwa Ndelemani	4 of 7 2 of 7	many flowers, big comb sweetness, flavour

TABLE 10. FODDER TREE SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

(top 3 species highlighted)

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
Acacia albida	mungwi mujagwe? mutubetube	Kazika Galeta	4 of 5 4 of 7	palatable, available, fattening, soft-leafed, sprout quickly palatable
Albizia harveyi?	kalumpangal mukangala	Geleta	1 of 7	palatable
Bauhinia petersiana	mphondo mpondo	Kazika	2 of 5	palatable, available, fattening, soft-leafed, sprout quickly
Diplorynchus condylocarpon	mtowa mtombozi	Kazika	1 of 5	palatable, available, fattening, soft-leafed, sprout quickly
Diplorynchus condylocarpon	mtowa mtombozi	Geleta	5 of 7	palatable
Parinari curatellifolia	mpundu	Geleta	3 of 7	palatable
Piliostigma thonningii	msekese	Kazika Geleta	1 of 1 3 of 7	available, accessible, sprouts well, large leaves palatable
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia	msolo soyo?	Kazika	3 of 5	palatable, available, fattening, soft-leafed, sprout quickly
Strychnos spinosa	chizimbili mzimbili	Kazika	4 of 5	palatable, available, fattening, soft-leafed, sprout quickly
Swartzia madagascariensis	mchelekete	Geleta	2 of 7	palatable
Ziziphus abyssinica	tukankhande kankande	Geleta	5 of 7	palatable

TABLE 11. MEDICINE TREE SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

(top 3 species highlighted)

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF * INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
	shopopela	Geleta	4 of 6	most commonly passed on to other people
Acacia polyacantha?	changaluci	Kazika	3 of 5	heals quickly many illnesses, available, no side effects
Albizia amara?	knkhalamba mkalanga	Kazika Geleta	2 of 5 4 of 6	heals quickly many illnesses, available, no side effects most commonly passed on to other people
Cassia abbreviata	munyoka nyoka	Geleta	3 of 6	most commonly passed on to other people
Dalbergiella nyasae	mkanganjovu	Kazika	4 of 5	heals quickly many illnesses, available, no side effects
Diospyros mespiliformis?	muthukhupha-ko	Gaveni	3 of 5	accessible, many illnesses, many parts of tree, abundant
Flacourtia indica	nthudza	Gaveni	1 of 5	accessible, many illnesses, many parts of tree, abundant
Julbernardia paniculata	mtondo mutondo	Gaveni	2 of 5	accessible, many illnesses, many parts of tree, abundant
Lannea discolor	mshaumbu shaumbu	Geleta	3 of 6	most commonly passed on to other people
Piliostigma thonningii	msekese	Gaveni	1 of 5	accessible, many illnesses, many parts of tree, abundant
Pterocarpus angolensis	mlombe mukwa	Kazika Gaveni	1 of 5 1 of 5	heals quickly many illnesses, available, no side effects accessible, many illnesses, many parts of tree, abundant
Ziziphus abyssinica	mshabankunzi	Geleta	2 of 6	most commonly passed on to other people
Salix, Ximenia, or Brachystegia taxifolia (tunda)?	mutunda mtunda	Kazika Geleta	1 of 5 1 of 6	heals quickly many illnesses, available, no side effects most commonly passed on to other people

* Without exception in the VRA reports, it was mentioned that information on medicinal uses of trees was normally paid for, and thus was not so freely given out for the assessment. This may explain the difficulty in finding scientific equivalents for many names of trees given by informants.

TABLE 12. WOODCARVING TREE SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
	mtukumpako	Geleta	1 of 6	beauty, softness, workability
Commiphora mollis	mbwabwa	Geleta	2 of 6	beauty, softness, workability
Faurea saligna	chiyele	Geleta	5 of 6	beauty, softness, workability
Ficus sycomorus	mkuyu	Geleta	4 of 6	beauty, softness, workability
Mopane?	mwavi	Geleta	1 of 6	beauty, softness, workability
Vitex doniana	mfinfya	Geleta	3 of 6	beauty, softness, workability

TABLE 13. BARKROPE TREE SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
Brachystegia longifolia	mfendaluzi	Geleta	1 of 3	strength, softness, length of strip
Brachystegia microphylla or glaucescens	“msumbu” – probably rather mukongolo p.119 Know Your Trees	Geleta	2 of 3	strength, softness, length of strip
Brachystegia spiciformis	mputi	Geleta	3 of 3	strength, softness, length of strip

7. TABLES DESCRIBING NONTREE FOREST PRODUCTS

TABLE 14. WILDLIFE SPECIES AND RANKING IN CHIULUKIRE

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	RANK	CRITERIA USED FOR TOP RANK (No. 1)
Hare	kalulu	Kazika	1 of 7	large populations, disease-free, soft meat, easily killed
Duiker	insa	Kazika	2 of 7
Cane rat	ncenzi	Kazika	3 of 7
	minkwenele	Kazika	4 of 7
Mouse	mbeba	Kazika	4 of 7
	kafindo	Kazika	5 of 7
Rock-rabbit	mbila	Kazika	6 of 7
	kapate	Kazika	6 of 7

TABLE 15. WILDLIFE SPECIES FOUND IN CHIULUKIRE -- NONRANKED

SPECIES	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	REMARKS
Hare	kalulu	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Geleta	- Ndelemani claims of many species of wildlife are disputed by some - Gaveni villages gave no lists of animals and birds in forest near them.
	gololo	Ntambwa
Mouse	mbeba	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika
Impala	nswala	Ntambwa, Ndelemani
Waterbuck	nankhodzwe	Ndelemani
Leopard	kambuku	Ndelemani
Antelope		Ndelemani
Bushbaby	kumundi	Ndelemani
Great galago	changa	Geleta
	kanende	Ntambwa
Gambia rat	nchenzi	Kazika
Baboon	nyani (kolwe)	Kazika
	fututu	Kazika
	chitungu	Kazika
	fundwe	Geleta
	kafundo	Geleta
	pate	Kazika
	nsimba	Kazika
	tomfa	Kazika
Porcupine	nungu	Ntambwa, Ndelemani
Duiker	insa	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika
Monkeys (vervet)	pusi	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Geleta
Birds: Woodpecker	nsengu lumbe nyapwele njiba nkombokokombo kamutande miyepa mpungu nyamucengo sisi timba solo myuweto mgubani mpeta nkhanga gonkomola kataba	Ntambwa Ntambwa Ntambwa, Kazika Ntambwa, Kazika Kazika

TABLE 16. CATERPILLAR AND INSECT SPECIES FOUND IN CHIULUKIRE -- NONRANKED

SPECIES OF	LOCAL NAMES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION
CATERPILLAR	viyabweyabwe	Kazika
“	matando	Kazika
“	mphalabungu	Kazika: now absent due to 1970s tsetse fly spraying. Also found in Geleta.
“	kapale	Kazika, Ntambwa
“	mapala/mapata	Kazika, Ndelemani, Geleta, Ntambwa
“	masase	Kazika, Ndelemani, Geleta, Ntambwa
“	nthowa	Ndelemani, Ntambwa
“	vilungulungo	Ndelemani, Geleta, Ntambwa
“	vitole	Geleta
“	ntowa	Geleta
INSECT	chididza (grasshopper)	Ntambwa
“	nyenje	Ntambwa
“	mapata	Ntambwa
“	mzozo	Kazika
“	chinyanyau	“
“	vinyolo	“
“	kapuche	“
“	fuse	“
“	visenda	“
“	nkumbu	“
“	nbwicibwici	“
“	mgegedule	“
“	palanzhi	“
“	vimphuzi	“

TABLE 17. MUSHROOM SPECIES FOUND IN CHIULUKIRE -- NONRANKED

	SPECIES	SOURCE OF INFORMATION	TIME HARVESTED
1	bowa fisi	Ntambwa, Kazika	Feb
2	bowa kombo	Kazika, Geleta	Nov
3	chipindi	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Gaveni, Geleta	Feb-March
4	kachipanda/do	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Geleta	Feb-March
5	kachombo	Ntambwa, Ndelemani	Jan-Feb
6	kalabe labe	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Gaveni, Geleta	Dec-Feb
7	kalimtafu	Ndelemani	Feb-March
8	kanyondola	Ndelemani	Dec-Jan
9	katelela	Ntambwa
10	kawenze	Ntambwa
11	lilimilangombo	Ndelemani	Feb-March
12	manda	Ntambwa, Geleta
13	manyame	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Gaveni	Feb-March
14	ndelemya (zanje)	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Gaveni, Geleta	Dec-Feb
15	ndovuzababa	Ndelemani	Feb-March
16	ngozi	Ntambwa
17	nthimbwa	Kazika	Feb-March
18	nyonzwe	Ntambwa, Ndelemani, Kazika, Geleta	Jan/Nov-March

8. TABLES DESCRIBING NONTIMBER FOREST PRODUCT COLLECTION

These tables are meant to give preliminary ideas of the markets, collection units, collectors, and prices of forest products of Chiulukire. Further study will be made of some markets in the next year.

TABLE 18. FRUIT COLLECTION INFORMATION

(Note: availability of fruit throughout the year, but lack of markets.)

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS	YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED	PRICE PER UNIT	MARKET PLACE	OTHER REMARKS
Kazika: Diospyros	Feb-April	seve-ral	½ hour	5 kg	local con- sumption	none (local)	Generalized term “fruits” described as being collected June through October
Gaveni: Flacourtia Ximenia Uapaca Annona Diospyros	Aug-Jan Aug-Jan Nov-Jan Nov-Dec Sept-Dec	un-known	un-known	just local consump	none	none	None of these are collected for selling at market.
Geleta: Hexalobus Annona Syzygium Strychnos Hyphenae Diospyros Flacourtia Parinari Uapaca kirkii nitida Baobob mbulumbushe mandakulumw kangele	Jan-Mar Jul-Sept Apr-June Oct-Nov not given	not given	not given	local	not given	none	Everyone in village collects fruit, though not to sell. This table shows the diversity of fruits available throughout the year.

TABLE 19. HONEY COLLECTION INFORMATION

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS		No. YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED		PRICE PER UNIT	MARKET PLACE		OTHER REMARKS
Ntambwa		April-June, Nov-Dec	40	1 hour	15 kg, with comb	k500 per cup, with comb		local and Katete	Collected by men only, and at night. Can be used as payment for casual work.
Ndelemani		April-June, Nov-Dec	20 or more	3 hours or less	A dish about 20 litres	k500 per cup		Katete	7 collectors in village
Kazika		May-June Nov-Dec	20	½ hour a hive	20 litres per hive	k500 per 250ml		not listed; local	Collected by about ¾ of the village households.
Gaveni		April to December	not listed	not listed	A bucket	not listed		not listed	Information ad hoc from ladies at a well – not sufficient detail
Geleta		not listed	not listed	5 hours	20 litre bucket	used for barter		none; local	Collected by “a few men”

TABLE 20. BROOM COLLECTION INFORMATION

(Local name sundwe, or Vellosia equisetoides)

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS		No. YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED		PRICE PER UNIT		MARKET PLACE		OTHER REMARKS
Ntambwa		not listed	not listed	not listed	not listed	Sometimes 500 each		Katete, Lusaka, Chipata		Collectors are reported to be from Matunga.
Ndelemani		all year	un-known	un-known	un- known	k300 per broom		Katete, Chipata, Lusaka, Copperbelt		Supposedly it is the people from Tambala exploiting this market.
Geleta		all year	un-known	un-known	un- known	not listed		unknown		Information missing from report.

TABLE 21. MUSHROOM COLLECTION INFORMATION

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS	No. YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED	PRICE PER UNIT	MARKET PLACE	OTHER REMARKS
Ntambwa	Dec-March	40	4 hours	10 kg per person	k750 per heap	Katete boma and Great East Rd.	Collected by all members of household.
Ndelemani: ndelemya chipindi kalabolabo manyame nyonzwe kachipando kanyendela kalimtafu lilimilangom. ndovuzabab. kachombo	Dec-Feb Feb-Mar Dec-Feb Feb-Mar Jan-Mar Feb-Mar Dec-Jan Feb-Mar Feb-Mar Feb-Mar Jan-Feb	At least twice per week during spec-ified month	3 hours at most	Fill a winnow-ing basket	not listed	no local market (implies Katete)	Collected by almost all households.
Kazika: ndelemya chipindi kalabelabe bowafisi manyame nyonzwe kachipande nthimbwa bowakombo	Dec Feb-Mar Dec Feb Feb Nov-Mar Feb Feb-Mar Nov	about 16	2 hours	7.5 kg	k500 per kg	no local market (implies Katete)	Collected by about ¾ of the village households.
Gaveni: ndelemya chipindi kalabelabe manyame	late Jan-Mar mid Jan- late Feb late Dec- late Mar Dec-Mar	not listed	not listed	not listed	not listed	only local	Information from ladies at a well – not very detailed. Facilitator states that the only opportunity for women living far from forest boundary to use it is “collection of mushroom because it is light to carry.”
Geleta: ndelemya chipindi kalabelabe nyonzwe kachipando wakombo nanya manda	Dec-Feb Dec-Feb Dec-Feb Jan-Feb Dec-Feb Nov-Feb March March	not listed	6 hours	15 kg	local consump-tion	none listed	Form indicates that only women are collecting, all the women of the village.

TABLE 22. CATERPILLAR COLLECTION INFORMATION

(Note: consistency in names, collection times and amounts)

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS	No. YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED	PRICE PER UNIT	MARKET PLACE	OTHER REMARKS
Ndelemani: nthowa masaso mapala vilungulungu	Nov-Dec Feb-Mar Jan-Feb Feb-Mar	Up to 3 times per week	6 hrs	container of about 5 litres	none	none	Collected by nearly all households.
Kazika: masose mapala viyabweyabwe matondo mphalabungu kapale	Dec-Jan	8	5 hs	20 litres per person	none	none	Collected by ¾ of the households.
Gaveni	Dec-Jan	un-known	un-known	unknown	none	none	“For relish only”, according to the ladies at the well
Geleta: ntowa masase mapala vilungulungu vitole mpalabungu	Oct-Nov Dec-Feb Feb-Mar Jan-Mar Feb-Mar Jan-Mar	3 times per week	6 hours	about 10 kg	k500 per cup, or for barter	Katete	This is perhaps the area closest to Katete, and it has found a market.

TABLE 23. OTHER FOREST PRODUCT COLLECTION INFORMATION:

BAMBOOS, GRASS, SNAILS

SOURCE OF INFORMATION	HARVEST PERIODS	No. YEARLY TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD	TIME SPENT PER TRIP	AMOUNT PER TRIP COLLECTED	PRICE PER UNIT	MARKET PLACE
BAMBOO Ntambwa Ndelemani	no data all year	no data no data	no data 4 hours	no data bundle of 10	k3500 per basket, k100 per cane k2500 -k5000 per basket or chair, k1500 per winnowing basket	Katete, local no data	Used for houses, granaries, and baskets. Poor regeneration of natural bamboos noted.
GRASS Ndelemani Gaveni	no data no data	no data “ “	no data “ “	no data “ “	k1800 per hat no data	no data no data	Mlaza is the grass used to make baskets and hats, and for house construction. Facilitator says that mats are an important element of the economy in the Gaveni area.
SNAILS Kazika was the only village area to report snails (nkhono) as part of the wildlife. It is not clear whether they are consumed locally by people, as they are in other parts of Africa.