Recommendations on Homestead Rights
-
Government of India should launch a centrally sponsored scheme to allocate at least 10 to 15 cents of land to each houseless rural poor on priority basis. Although there should be search for available government land and ceiling surplus land for this purchase, it is most feasible to purchase land from the market and allocate them to the homeless poor. The scheme can be administered on75:25 cash sharing basis with state government for land purchase and allocation of micro plots to all rural houseless families;
-
As far as possible, allotment of homestead cum garden plot should be in the name of women. Where more than one adult women is a part of household, all adult female members should be recorded;
-
The beneficiaries should be involved in the selection of land and beneficiaries of a particular social group should be given such land in a contiguous block, along with facilities of road, electricity, school, safe drinking water, health centre etc. Besides, line departments of government should provide the necessary technology, extension and marketing support for enabling the beneficiaries to benefit substantially from allotment of such homestead cum garden plots.
Table 2. 1: Restrictive Nature of Tenancy Laws in Various States
Category of States
|
Nature of Restrictions in Tenancy Laws
| -
Kerala and Jammu & Kashmir
|
Leasing out of agricultural land is legally prohibited without any exception
| -
Telangana Area of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Chattishgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Orissa
|
Leasing out of agricultural land is allowed only by certain categories of land owners such as disabled, minors, widows, defense personnel etc.
| -
Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Assam
|
Leasing out of agricultural land is not specifically banned, but the tenant acquires right to purchase the tenanted land after a specific period of creation of tenancy.
| -
Andhra area of Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal
|
There are no restrictions on land leasing, although in West Bengal only share cropping leases are legally permitted.
| -
In Scheduled tribe areas of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
|
Transfer of land from tribal to non-tribal even on lease basis can be permitted only by a competent authority. The idea is to prevent alienation of land from tribal to non-tribal.
|
Table 2.2: Fixation of Fair Rent by States
State
|
The rate of rent by states
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
|
(i) Andhra region
|
25 to 30 per cent of produce
|
(ii) Telengana region
|
1/4 to 1/5 of produce or 3 to 5 times the land revenue
|
Assam
|
1/4 to 1/5 of produce or less than 3 times the land revenue
|
Bihar
|
18 seers (16.80 kg) per maund
|
Gujarat
|
2 to 5 times the land revenue, subject to a limit of Rs. 20 per acre
|
Haryana
|
1/3 of produce or value thereof
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
1/4 of crop of land or value thereof
|
Jammu and Kashmir
|
Tenancy has been banned and therefore, no provision of fair rent has been made.
|
Karnataka
|
1/4 to 1/5 of produce or the value thereof, but not exceeding 10 times the land revenue plus irrigation charges
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
2 to 4 times the land revenue
|
Maharashtra
|
2 to 5 times the land revenue, subject to a limit of Rs. 20 per acre
|
Orissa
|
1/4 of produce or value thereof
|
Punjab
|
1/3 of produce or value thereof
|
Rajasthan
|
1/4 to 1/6 of produce or 1 ½ to 3 times the amount assessed as land revenue
|
Tamil Nadu
|
1/2 to 1/3 of produce or value thereof
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
Rent as agreed upon between the tenant and his landlord or the gaon sabha
|
West Bengal
|
1/2 to 1/4 of produce (1/2 of produce if the landowner supplies plough, cattle, manures and seeds)
|
Table 2 .3: Incidence of Land Leasing in various States (Rural)
States
|
% area leased in
|
% households leasing in
|
2003
|
1992
|
2003
|
1992
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
9.7
|
9.6
|
15.9
|
15.9
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
12.4
|
-
|
9.1
|
-
|
Assam
|
5.8
|
8.0
|
7.5
|
16.7
|
Bihar
|
12.8
|
4.3
|
12.3
|
7.0
|
Chattishgarh
|
6.4
|
-
|
11.0
|
-
|
Gujarat
|
5.4
|
4.2
|
10.1
|
10.6
|
Haryana
|
17.3
|
41.1
|
17.0
|
18.3
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
3.0
|
4.4
|
21.6
|
14.4
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
0.3
|
3.4
|
3.1
|
6.4
|
Jharkhand
|
2.4
|
-
|
6.7
|
-
|
Karnataka
|
3.5
|
9.3
|
7.5
|
13.1
|
Kerala
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
7.1
|
9.6
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
3.0
|
7.4
|
5.8
|
12.3
|
Maharashtra
|
4.9
|
5.2
|
10.7
|
15.8
|
Manipur
|
12.2
|
-
|
15.4
|
-
|
Meghalaya
|
6.9
|
-
|
18.1
|
-
|
Mizoram
|
3.0
|
-
|
5.8
|
-
|
Nagaland
|
0.1
|
-
|
7.9
|
-
|
Orissa
|
14.6
|
11.4
|
15.7
|
22.3
|
Punjab
|
19.5
|
18.2
|
12.1
|
15.2
|
Rajasthan
|
3.4
|
5.8
|
4.3
|
10.9
|
Sikkim
|
14.6
|
-
|
34.5
|
-
|
Tamil Nadu
|
7.0
|
12.4
|
16.3
|
19.5
|
Tripura
|
6.5
|
-
|
6.7
|
-
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
10.5
|
11.8
|
12.8
|
16.5
|
Uttarakhand
|
4.8
|
-
|
11.8
|
-
|
West Bengal
|
10.4
|
12.0
|
11.3
|
-
|
UTS
|
10.5
|
-
|
30.6
|
17.8
|
All India
|
7.1
|
9.0
|
11.5
|
14.7
|
Source: NSSO, Government of India
Table 2.4: Percentage distribution of area leased out by terms of lease for each state (Rural)
State
|
for fixed
money
|
for fixed produce
|
for share of produce
|
Other terms
|
All
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
41.74
|
22.65
|
21.72
|
13.89
|
100
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
14.68
|
85.32
|
100
|
Assam
|
20.47
|
0.00
|
38.71
|
40.82
|
100
|
Bihar
|
8.89
|
20.99
|
59.95
|
10.17
|
100
|
Chattishgarh
|
7.29
|
44.36
|
45.95
|
2.40
|
100
|
Gujarat
|
14.78
|
22.55
|
10.89
|
51.78
|
100
|
Haryana
|
84.95
|
2.10
|
12.75
|
0.20
|
100
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
31.82
|
5.77
|
28.73
|
33.68
|
100
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
6.46
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
93.54
|
100
|
Jharkhand
|
0.53
|
0.00
|
99.47
|
0.00
|
100
|
Karnataka
|
34.73
|
1.77
|
34.90
|
28.60
|
100
|
Kerala
|
33.52
|
0.00
|
28.64
|
37.84
|
100
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
10.85
|
25.15
|
53.51
|
10.49
|
100
|
Maharashtra
|
34.44
|
3.32
|
53.97
|
8.27
|
100
|
Manipur
|
5.52
|
24.61
|
65.66
|
4.21
|
100
|
Meghalaya
|
44.07
|
7.42
|
43.69
|
4.82
|
100
|
Mizoram
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
100.00
|
0.00
|
100
|
Nagaland
|
0.00
|
21.32
|
37.74
|
40.94
|
100
|
Orissa
|
11.52
|
10.65
|
71.13
|
6.70
|
100
|
Punjab
|
91.69
|
1.73
|
1.98
|
4.60
|
100
|
Rajasthan
|
17.62
|
14.79
|
44.21
|
23.38
|
100
|
Sikkim
|
31.20
|
24.47
|
44.33
|
0.00
|
100
|
Tamil Nadu
|
47.19
|
14.70
|
26.33
|
11.78
|
100
|
Tripura
|
6.25
|
7.05
|
71.71
|
14.99
|
100
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
14.84
|
21.18
|
51.98
|
12.00
|
100
|
Uttarakhand
|
77.39
|
5.96
|
10.29
|
6.36
|
100
|
West Bengal
|
29.38
|
48.79
|
10.55
|
11.28
|
100
|
Group of UTs
|
33.73
|
58.12
|
8.13
|
0.02
|
100
|
All India
|
31.04
|
15.30
|
39.55
|
14.11
|
100
|
Source: NSSO, Government of India
Table 2.5: Share of landless and Semi-landless Households to total household leasing in land
-
States
|
Landless
|
Less than 0.5 ha
|
0.5 to 1.0 ha.
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
53.1
|
30.4
|
8.5
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
71.3
|
20.1
|
4.1
|
Assam
|
34.7
|
43.6
|
11.3
|
Bihar
|
5.8
|
87.0
|
6.0
|
Chattishgarh
|
26.9
|
43.5
|
18.6
|
Gujarat
|
63.7
|
18.8
|
5.5
|
Haryana
|
24.0
|
45.4
|
8.9
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
62.6
|
32.2
|
3.7
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
52.0
|
43.6
|
0.7
|
Jharkhand
|
45.0
|
42.9
|
8.1
|
Karnataka
|
55.2
|
28.3
|
5.3
|
Kerala
|
50.0
|
46.2
|
3.4
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
28.5
|
39.7
|
10.9
|
Maharashtra
|
60.1
|
19.8
|
7.0
|
Manipur
|
16.5
|
67.5
|
11.8
|
Meghalaya
|
35.0
|
51.5
|
5.8
|
Mizoram
|
29.3
|
39.7
|
9.1
|
Nagaland
|
97.3
|
1.5
|
1.0
|
Orissa
|
17.3
|
71.8
|
7.9
|
Punjab
|
23.8
|
31.9
|
13.0
|
Rajasthan
|
25.0
|
22.2
|
13.3
|
Sikkim
|
83.2
|
16.1
|
0.3
|
Tamil Nadu
|
72.7
|
21.3
|
2.3
|
Tripura
|
30.0
|
67.5
|
1.6
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
7.8
|
69.5
|
13.2
|
Uttaranchal
|
57.8
|
41.9
|
0.3
|
West Bengal
|
14.1
|
75.1
|
8.4
|
UTS
|
89.8
|
10.6
|
0.1
|
All India
|
35.8
|
47.5
|
8.2
|
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