Contents preface (VII) introduction 1—37
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Health |
Securing increased agricultural |
Possible spread of diseases ensuing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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production and thus improving the |
from certain types of surface | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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nutrition of the population. |
irrigation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Recreation facilities in irrigation |
Danger of the pollution of water | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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canals and reservoirs. |
resources by return runoff from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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irrigation. Possible infection by waste | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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water irrigation, new diseases caused | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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by retention of water in large | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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reservoir. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Social and Cultural |
Culturing the area. Increasing the |
Colonisation of the irrigated area. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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social and cultural level of the |
Displacement of population from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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population. Tourist interest in the |
retention area. Necessity of protecting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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area of the newly-built reservoir. |
cultural monuments in inundated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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areas. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aesthetic |
New man-made lakes in the area. |
Project’s architecture may not blend | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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with the area. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Political |
Increased self-sufficiency in food, thus |
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lesser dependence on other countries. |
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Dhawan (4) has compared average foodgrain yields from unirrigated and irrigated lands in respect of four states of India (Table 1.3). This comparison clearly shows the marked increase in the average yield on account of irrigation. Irrigation is responsible for about 55 per cent of food production in India (4). Increased agricultural production, besides adding to the national economy, reduces rural poverty and substitutes for imports and generates exports of food and non-food agricultural products. It generates additional employment in the main agricultural activity and also in related activities like input supply, processing, marketing, etc.
Besides the gains in agricultural production, there are significant permanent gains in the livelihood of the rural population. These can be grouped into the following four headings (5):
(i) Employment and income
(ii) Security against impoverishment (iii) Migration
(iv) Quality of life
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