8. DESIGN OF STABLE CHANNELS 278—316 8.1 General 278
8.2 Rigid Boundary Channels carrying Clear Water 278
8.3 Rigid Boundary Channels carrying Sediment-laden Water 284
8.4 Alluvial Channels Carrying Clear Water 285
8.5 Alluvial Channels Carrying Sediment-laden Water 289
8.6 Procedure for Design of Irrigation Channels 303
8.7 Borrow Pits, Spoil Banks, and Land Width for Irrigation Channel 311
8.8 Sediment Distribution in an Alluvial Channel 314
8.9 Silting and Berming of Channels 315
Exercises 316
References 316
9. SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN OF CANAL STRUCTURES 317—351 9.1 General 317
9.2 Hydraulic Jump 317
9.3 Seepage Forces 334
9.4 Uplift Force on the Floor of Canal Structure 348
Exercises 349
References 351
10. CANAL REGULATION STRUCTURES 352—377 10.1 General 352
10.2 Canal Fall 352
10.3 Historical Development of Falls 353
10.4 Types of Canal Falls 354
10.5 Cistern Element 355
10.6 Roughening Measures for Energy Dissipation 358
10.7 Trapezoidal Notch Fall 361
10.8 Sarda Fall 362
10.9 Glacis Fall 367
10.10 Distributary Head Regulator 372
10.11 Cross Regulator 373
10.12 Design Criteria for Distributary Head Regulator and Cross Regulator 373
10.13 Control of Sediment Entry into an Offtaking Channel 374
10.14 Canal Escapes 376
Exercises 377
References 377
