Contents preface (VII) introduction 1—37

u = 4.47 N/cm^2 ; σ′ = 23.30 + 2.23 = 25.53 N/cm^2 ;

σ = 30 N/cm^2 and ∆V/V = 3.23% (from curve)

o

At the beginning of the 2nd stage of construction, (1b on Fig. 15.23)

(∆V

/V ) = 3.23% ; u

1b

= 4.47 N/cm^2, σ

= 25.53 N/cm^2 and σ

= 30 N/cm^2

1b

o

1b

1b

p

ob

= p ( = p

atm

) + u = 10.3 + 4.47 = 14.77 N/cm^2

o

Sob =

So

F

^po

I

1 + G

− 1J

(1 − So + So H)

H pob

K

=

0.80

= 0.853

F

10.3

I

1 + G

− 1J (1

− 0 . 8 + 0.8

× 0 . 02)

H 14.47 N

K

F

I

∆V

∆V

^nob ^= ^no

+

1b

= 0.375 – 0.0323

Gas

1b

is

− veJ