Contributions

Crop	Nutrition & health	Market demand	Livestock
Environment
Sorghum	High Fe, Zn, folate	Hybrids; alcohol	Stover yield, digestibility	Ground cover, C sequestration
Pearl millet	High Fe, Zn, folate	Hybrids	Stover yield, digestibility	Ground cover, C sequestration
Finger millet	High Fe, Zn, Ca	Hybrids	Stover yield, digestibility	Ground cover, C sequestration
Chickpea	Cooking time, high protein, Fe, Zn	Machine-harvestable		N fixation, C sequestration
Pigeonpea	Cooking time, high protein, Fe, Zn	Hybrids, Seed color/size, milling parameters, fuelwood		N fixation, C sequestration
Groundnut	High oleic oil, aflatoxin-free	Aflatoxin-free	Haulm yield, digestibility	N fixation, C sequestration
Lentil	Taste, cooking time, protein, Ca, Fe, Zn	Machine-harvestable	Stover yield, digestibility	N fixation, C sequestration
Cowpea	Taste, cooking time, protein, Ca	Color, seed size	Stover yield, digestibility	N fixation, C sequestration
Soybean	High protein and oil content	Seed size, mechanized harvesting	Grain protein, stover yield, digestibility	N fixation – promiscuous nodulation, C sequestration

Livestock (large and small ruminants, poultry, pigs) remain the livelihood backbone and main source of insurance for risky smallholder agriculture⁵⁵. Over 200 million cattle are kept in GLDC target agroecologies⁵⁶ which are, and will remain, the main producers of ruminant products. The current and future accelerating demand growth for red meat in SSA is evident now, although with warnings that the capacity of these value chains for ruminant livestock to respond is likely constrained by feed and forage resources⁵⁷. While farmers will not forsake their staple food production of millets, sorghum and legumes, the croplands of SSA and SA must produce the stover residues and feed for market-oriented livestock enterprises. GLDC’s crop breeding for mixed crop-livestock farming systems in the target agroecologies must develop varieties and hybrids with dual-purpose use as food, feed and fodder.