Expected outcomes:(a) Sustainable and profitable cropping systems tested at large scale in participating countries; (b) Farmers in designated areas use improved cropping systems technologies developed by the program to optimize profitability and system sustainability; (c) Stakeholders use results to promote diversified, profitable and sustainable crop-livestock systems; (d) Improved soil health, agro-biodiversity, food and nutritional security under marginal dryland systems tested at large-scale pilot areas; and (e) Efficient farm operations promoted by NARES to improve productivity and reduce post-harvest losses, (f) Increased labor use efficiency through appropriate mechanization.