Correction notice

Correction notice

doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.81

Risk prediction models in dementia prevention

Alina Solomon and Hilkka Soininen

In the version of this supplementary file originally posted online, frailty variables for the FI-NTRF study were incorrect. The error has been corrected in this file as of 30^th June 2015.

Supplementary Table 1. Brief summary of characteristics and predictive performance for available dementia risk scores

Risk score	Population	Mean age (years)	Follow-up (years)	Factors	AUC or C statistic
Midlife CAIDE Dementia Risk Score
Lancet Neurol 2006;5:735–41^1	Finnish	50	20	Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, total cholesterol, physical activity	0.77
				Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, total cholesterol, physical activity, APOE ε4	0.78
Alzheimers Dement 2014;10:562–570^2	USA	46	36	Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, total cholesterol	0.75
PLoS One 2014;9(1):e86141^3	USA	80	3.5	Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, total cholesterol, physical activity	0.49
	Swedish	81	6	Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, physical activity	0.54
	USA	72	6	Age, sex, education, SBP, BMI, total cholesterol, physical activity	0.57
Late-life Dementia Risk Index Neurology 2009;73:173–179^4	USA	76	6	Age, cognition (3MS, DSST), BMI, APOE ε4, MRI findings (WML, enlarged ventricles), internal carotid artery thickness, coronary bypass surgery, time to put on and button shirt, alcohol	0.81
Brief Late-life Dementia Risk Index Alzheimers Dement 2010;6:138–141^5	USA	76	6	Age, cognition (MMSE recall, 3-step command, figure copying; verbal fluency – animal naming), self-reported ‘trouble keeping mind on things’(CES-D scale item), stroke, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery bypass surgery, BMI, alcohol	0.77
Australian National University AD Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) PLoS One 2014;9(1):e86141^3	USA	80	3.5	Age, sex, education, diabetes, TBI, cognitive activities, social network, smoking, alcohol, physical activity	0.72
	Swedish	81	6	Age, sex, education, diabetes, TBI, social network, smoking, alcohol	0.65
	USA	72	6	Age, sex, education, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, fish intake, depression symptoms	0.73
Dementia risk score in type 2 diabetes Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013;1:183–90^6	USA	71	10	Age, education, microvascular disease, diabetic foot, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, acute metabolic event, depression	0.74
Vascular risk factor index Eur J Neurol 2006;13(5):514-2^7	Swedish	70	10	Dizziness when suddenly standing up, calf pain while walking, chest pain, abnormal heart sound, aortic calcification, pulmonary congestion, EKG findings, diabetes, hypertension, angina, BMI, cholesterol	0.74
	Swedish	70	20	Sex, calf pain while walking, chest pain, aortic calcification, pulmonary congestion, EKG findings, BMI, cholesterol	0.67
Brief dementia indicator for primary care Alzheimers Dement 2014;10:656–665^8	USA	73	6	Age, education, BMI, diabetes, stroke, needs help handling money/medication, depressive symptoms	0.68
	USA	72	6		0.77
	USA	71	6		0.76
	USA	71	6		0.78
FI-NTRF (Frailty index – nontraditional risk factors) Neurology 2011;77:227–234^9	Canadian	65+	5	19 frailty variables (self-rated health, problems with eyesight, hearing, denture fit, stomach, kidneys, respiratory function, skin, bladder & bowel control, orthopaedic problems, and others)	0.64
			10		0.66

Published dementia risk scores were selected according to the following criteria: longitudinal studies with dementia as outcome, risk models including multiple health-related variables, and reporting AUC or C statistic. Studies focusing on risk estimation in patients with MCI, or on cognitive tests, neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid measurements without health-related variables, were not included here. Abbreviations: 3MS, Modified MMSE; AUC, area under the curve; APOE, apolipoprotein E gene; CAIDE, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia study; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution; EKG, electrocardiogram; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBI, traumatic brain injury; WML, white matter lesions.
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