Csernókné Jezerniczky Éva

Gyakorlatok
29.
PARIS, FRANCE Fall 2000

It was Tuesday, November 7th, 2000 and instead of facing two or three days on the road, we were heading to Paris for three weeks, delighted with …1…decision to sell our apartment in Florida to allow us this freedom. Our previous visits to Paris had been just 2-4 days, just enough time to develop an appetite to explore …2…of the neighborhoods of this fascinating city.

We arrived at Pearson Airport, Toronto, …3…hours prior to our evening departure from Terminal 1, which Air Canada recently began using for international flights. As we approached the departure area we were cheerfully greeted by a smiling hostess who checked our documents and directed …4….to the appropriate counter. The service was cordial and efficient and within minutes we were on our way to the Maple Leaf Lounge. Previously a restaurant, the large space has been redesigned, the glass wall overlooking the runways thankfully retained. Linda camped-out at a computer while…5… watched the U.S. election coverage on TV while enjoying the beverages and snacks. Time flew and we were soon boarding.
The Executive First (love those frequent flyer miles!) cabin crew were experienced professionals with the sense of humor that always makes a long flight more bearable. The accommodating and pampering flight attendants kept up a stream of food and beverage service to meet …6… individual needs. Most important, the size of the seat and the ample cabin space afforded maximum comfort and …7…of us curled-up after dinner and slept for several hours. We arrived at Charles De Gaulle airport early, thanks to a brisk tail wind, well-rested and ready to enjoy the day.
It was a short walk to immigration and customs and we moved right through, once again feeling very pleased with …8…for having mastered the wheeled-carry-on-for-each-of-us concept. On the way to the RER, we stopped at a bank machine to withdraw …9…francs. We always use bank machines, with our ATM cards, for the convenience and because we get the most beneficial exchange rates. The second class, round-trip fare was 49FF per person and the ride to the Chatelet Les Halles station in the city center took just 25 minutes. We decided to exit and walk to our hotel. We could have switched to metro line 1 in the direction of Chateau de Vincennes for just one stop to the Hotel de Ville station. That would have brought us closer to our destination but we were anxious to hit the streets. It was only a …10…walk and it gave us a chance to use our umbrellas as it began to rain as soon as we exited the station. In fact, the rain was with us a good part of the three weeks, but not enough to dampen our enjoyment.

1. a. ours 2 .a. much 3. a. a lot 4. a. us 5. a. I

b. our b. lot b. several b. our b. he

c. us c. some c. much c. we c. her

6. a. somebody’s 7. a. none 8. a ourselves 9. a. a lot 10. a. ten-minute

b. everyone's b. two b. us b. several b. ten minutes

c. anyone c. both c. myself c. some c. of ten minutes
30.
Hospitals Plead for Their Clothes Back

EDMONTON, Alberta (Reuters) - Western Canadian hospitals are losing …1…of thousands of dollars each year as staff pilfer medical uniforms that have become a fashion statement thanks to U.S. television shows "ER" and "Scrubs," officials said.

Now, …2…medical agency is trying to cure the problem facing an already cash-strapped public health system by offering amnesty to doctors and nurses who return the blue medical uniforms, commonly called scrubs.

Edmonton's Capital Health Authority said …3..losses in the form of unreturned scrubs piled up to more than C$250,000 ($195,000) last year.

Hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, and Vancouver, British Columbia, are …4…seeing high volumes of the casual, loose-fitting garments disappear as …5…become permanent fixtures in wardrobes of medical professionals.

The Edmonton agency said it was encouraging staff to return uniforms to hospitals and clinics throughout the city by Feb. 6 with no questions asked.

"Scrubs are very comfortable, and they've been popularized as a fashion item through TV shows like 'ER'," said Wendy Hill, Capital Health's chief operating officer.

"As part of …6…initiative, we want to work with …7…staff to make them more aware of the operational impact of scrub availability and cost implications associated with replacing scrubs."

Money spent replacing Edmonton's missing medical attire would fund …8…than 500 MRI tests, two pediatric heart transplants or about 75 individual visits for chemotherapy, Hill said.

The city's two …9…hospitals have also installed scrub dispensing machines that require staff to return the uniforms …10…they can receive a new set.

a. also

b. our

c. one

d. still

e. they

f. main

g. two

h. before

i. too

j. hundreds

k. theirs

l. more

m. several

n. this

o. its

31.

Golden Gate Bridge History
The Golden Gate Bridge, symbol of San Francisco, engineering marvel, subject of many photographs, the result of …1…man's vision and persistence, spans the entrance to the San Francisco Bay. How can …2…visit San Francisco and not see the Golden Gate Bridge?

For …3…years before the Golden Gate Bridge was built, the only way to get across San Francisco Bay was by ferry, and by the early twentieth century the Bay was clogged with ferries.

In the 1920s, engineer and bridge-builder Joseph Strauss became convinced …4…a bridge should be constructed across the Golden Gate.

Many groups opposed him, …5…for their own selfish reasons: the military, loggers, the railroads. The engineering challenge was also enormous - the Golden Gate Bridge area has winds of up to 60 miles per hour, and strong ocean currents sweep through a rugged canyon below the surface. If …6…that weren't enough, it was the middle of the Great Depression, funds were scarce, and the San Francisco Bay Bridge was already under construction. In spite of…7…, Strauss persisted, and San Francisco voters overwhelmingly approved $35 million in bonds to construct the Golden Gate Bridge.

The now-familiar art deco Golden Gate Bridge design and International Red color were chosen, and construction began in 1933. The Golden Gate Bridge project was completed in 1937. Strauss was a pioneer in building safety, with innovations including hard hats and daily sobriety tests. The Bay Bridge (which was being built at the …8…time) lost 24 lives while the Golden Gate Bridge lost only 12, an outstanding accomplishment in an era when one man was killed on …9…construction projects for …10…million spent.
32.

Saint Patrick
The person who was to become St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, was born in Wales about AD 385. His given name was Maewyn.
When he was 16, he was sold into slavery to Ireland where …1…was a shepherd for 6 years. While in captivity he studied…2… turned to religion. He escaped slavery and…3… returned to Ireland as a missionary, determined to convert Ireland …4…Christianity. He used the shamrock to …5…the Holy Trinity.
Patrick was …6…successful at winning converts. And …7…fact upset the Celtic Druids. Patrick was arrested several times, but escaped …8…time. He traveled throughout Ireland, establishing monasteries …9…the country. He also set up schools and churches,…10… would aid him in his conversion of the Irish country to Christianity.
His mission in Ireland …11…for thirty years. After that time, Patrick…12.. to County Down. He died on March 17 in AD 461. That day has been commemorated as St. Patrick's Day ever since.
…13… Irish folklore surrounds St. Patrick's Day. Not much of it is actually substantiated. …14…of this lore includes the belief that Patrick raised …15…from the dead. He is also said to have given a sermon from a hilltop that drove all the snakes from Ireland. Though …16…a Catholic holy day, St. Patrick's Day has evolved into more of a secular holiday.
One …17…symbol of the day is the shamrock. And this stems from an Irish tale …18…tells how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to …19…the Trinity. He used it in his sermons to represent …20…the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist as separate elements of the same entity. His followers adopted the custom of wearing a shamrock on his feast day.
The holiday, March 17th, is marked by parades in cities across the United States. The largest of these, held since 1762, is in New York City, and draws more than one million spectators each year. In Ireland, it is a religious holiday similar to Christmas and Easter.

10. Elöljárók, vonzatok

Az elöljárók – ki gondolná − az előtt a szó előtt állnak, amelyre vonatkoznak. Általában időt, helyet, vagy másféle viszonyt fejeznek ki sokféle árnyalatban.

Kapcsolatuk azzal a szóval, amelyre utalnak, lehet

1. 
   laza, amikor a páros mindkét tagja a saját eredeti jelentését hordozza, és
   
2. 
   szoros, amikor összetételként mást jelentenek, mint külön- külön.
   

pl. Come out of the kitchen. → Gyere ki a konyhából.

He is sitting in the pub. → A kocsmában ül.

I live in a flat on the second floor. → Egy lakásban lakom, a második emeleten.

Ezekben a mondatokban az elöljáró is, és a szó is csak azt jelenti, amit eredetileg is. Viszont a következő

mondatokban a jelentés nem összegződik, hanem eltér az eredetitől.

He takes after his grandfather. → A nagyapjára hasonlít.

I made for the door. → Az ajtó felé igyekeztem.

I’m afraid, you have just made it up. → Attól tartok, csak kitaláltad.

Look his number up in the directory. → Nézd meg a számát a telefonkönyvben.

Kérdőszavas kérdésnél az elöljáró NEM a kérdőszóval áll, hanem az igével, azaz, a mondat végén.

pl. Who are you waiting for? → Kire vársz?

Where are you from? → Honnan származol?
Ha az elöljáró csak lazán kapcsolódik a tárgyához, akkor is előtte áll, ha ez a tárgy személyes névmás.

pl. I couldn’t get across the street. → I couldn’t get across it.

Give the tickets to Peter. → Give the tickets to him.
Ha az elöljáró igevonzat, akkor jelentést hordozó szó előtt és után is állhat, de a személyes névmás után áll.
pl: Look up the new words in a dictionary. / Look the new words up in a dictionary.

DE: Look them up in a dictionary.

Az igevonzatokat legjobb az igével együtt megtanulni, mert utólag már nem könnyű.

Az elöljáróknál figyelnünk kell, hogy melyik elöljáró mit jelent, ha helyviszonyt, és mit, ha időviszonyt fejezünk ki vele.

Helyviszonyt fejeznek ki:

In - ban, ben , on - rajta, under - alatta (térben) above - felette, behind - mögötte, in front of - előtt,

next to - mellett, below - alatt (síkban) to - felé, vhová, vkinek, from -ból, -ből, -tól,-től, inside - bent,

outside - kint,előtt, etc
past - mellette el, over - fölötte mozgásban etc - mozgást is kifejeznek a helyviszony mellett
across - keresztül vmi felületén, through - keresztül vmiben (mint forró kés a vajban)
between - között (kettő) among - között (sok)
Állhat két, vagy több elöljáró is bonyolultabb helyviszony kifejezésére
I took it from behind the cupboard. → A szekrény mögül vettem elő.

Come out of my room. → Gyere ki a szobámból.

Come with me as far as the bridge. → Gyere velem a hídig.

Időviszonyt fejeznek ki:

Since - óta, for - vmennyi ideje, vmeddig, ago - ezelőtt, before - előtt, after - után, in - múlva, within - belül, stb

in - napszakban, hónapban, évben

on - egy adott napon, vagy jelzős szerkezetben (on a winter day)

at - órakor, két- vagy háromnapos ünnepen, éjjel (at the weekend, at Christmas, at 2 o’clock, at night)
Egyéb viszonyt fejeznek ki:
Of - birtok, with - val-vel, by - által, without - nélkül, besides - azon kívül, hogy, instead of - helyette, about –ról, -ről,

Against - ellen, neki-, beyond - túl, despite - ellenére, like - mint, hasonló, except - kivéve, stb
like - hasonlóan , as - azonosulva vmivel
He lives like a king. → Él, mint „Marci Hevesen”, azaz királyi módon, de ettől még nem ő a király.

She works as a secretary. → Titkárnőként dolgozik. (Ő a titkárnő)
Ne felejtsük el, elöljáró után a következő ige ige+ing alakban áll.

Gyakorlatok
33.
And the 'Most Fashionable' University Is...
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Learning lofty ideas, engaging …1…philosophical debate and cramming for a career-making degree may be job No. 1 for students, but the New York University campus is also a place to develop fashion sense.

Or so says Women's Wear Daily, which …2…Thursday honored New York University…3… the most fashionable college in the United States.

The influential fashion newspaper lauded movie star Woody Allen's Greenwich Village alma mater …4…showing off the fashion stylings of "artists, business types, skaters, punks, hippies and bookworms."

"The sidewalks are …5…catwalks," the magazine quoted one New York University freshman as saying.

Coming…6… second was Washington's Howard University, where students "have an air…7… confidence, a sense of where they're going."

Third place went to Texas' Southern Methodist University, where "students can recite the names of the city's newest boutiques as easily as any local style editor," the magazine said.

In its first ranking of colleges, the magazine said the university population is essential …8…the fashion industry.

"…9… boasting considerable discretionary dollars, the demographic comprises the premier consumers of the near future," wrote Executive Editor Bridget Foley. "…10… its ranks will come a new wave of industry leaders, both creative and business-oriented."

1. a. with 2. a. in 3. a. for 4. a. for 5. a. with

b. of b. at b. as b. to b. like

c. in c. on c. with c. at c. as

6. a. in 7. a. of 8. a. of 9. a. Always 10. a. For

b. on b. with b. to b. Almost b. From

c. to c. for c. at c. Already c. Off

34.
Bush Stops at Diner to Boost U.S. Economy
ROSWELL, N.M. (Reuters) - President Bush …1…fire for a U.S. economy not producing many new jobs, tried to encourage consumer spending ...2…Thursday from behind the counter …3…the Nothin' Fancy Cafe.

Bush's motorcade stopped at the Roswell, New Mexico eatery …4…lunch and Bush stepped behind the counter, threw his arm …5…the shoulder of the owner and said: "I need some ribs."

When reporters began hitting him ….6….questions, he declined to cooperate and challenged them to buy something since "you've got plenty of money …7….your pocket."

"This is my chance to help this lady put some money in her pocket," Bush said. "Let me explain how the economy works. When you spend money to buy food, it helps this lady's business. It makes it more likely somebody is going to find work."

The stop was evidence that Bush is moving into campaign mode …8…of the November presidential election.

He bought a $42.95 takeout order …9…ribs, fried okra, cornbread and buttermilk pie for the Air Force One flight to Washington.

Democrats have accused Bush of leading a jobless recovery because the economy is growing at a strong pace but not producing a high number of jobs.

a. over

b. of

c. at

d.before

e. under

f. in

g.within

h. during

i. for

j. back

k. with

l. on

m. since

n. outside

o. ahead

35.
Elephant Makes Daring Escape from Zoo

AUCKLAND (Reuters) - An elephant briefly escaped from New Zealand's Auckland zoo on Friday after dropping a log on an electrified fence and crashing …1…a gate.

Twenty-year-old Burma, one of two elephants …2…the zoo, was free …3…about half an hour, forcing some road closures during the morning commuter rush, but posed no threat to people and did no damage to any other property.

The 2.8-ton Asian elephant, which stands …4…two-and-a-half meters (eight feet) tall, was found in a park behind the zoo and keepers walked her …5…to her enclosure to join the other elephant.

"When the keepers found her she vocally responded -- it was almost a 'thank goodness you're here'," said Maria Finnegan, the zoo's director …6…life sciences.

"She was a little shaken and both the girls were clearly happy to be reunited."

Burma had neutralized the electrified fence around the elephant enclosure …7…dropping a large log onto it, then climbed into a moat and walked along the perimeter fence …8…pushing through a gate to enter the neighboring park, she said.

"We think it was an opportunistic thing, not a deliberate action, she's realized the fence was not there and then decided to roam...."

Finnegan said the elephants had recently been allowed to roam their enclosure …9…the warm summer nights, but the zoo would now strengthen the fence and keep the pair indoors overnight …10…the control of keepers.

36.
Great Wall Getting Less Great

BEIJING (Reuters) - The Great Wall of China is shrinking as tourism and development take their toll …1…one of the world's most famous monuments, state media said Monday.

"Only one third of the 3,950 miles …2…wall now exists and the length is still shortening," the official Xinhua news agency said, citing a recent report.

The Great Wall was begun in 221 B.C. …3…the Qin dynasty as an earthen structure to ward off invaders. Much of the heavy stonework and parapets seen snaking …4…the hills and plains of north China were built …5…the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).

The United Nations listed it …6…a World Heritage Site in 1987, and it was protected …7…development by Chinese law.

But developers continued …8…encroach and farmers ignorant of laws protecting the wall used its bricks …9…their courtyards and even pigpens, Xinhua said.

It cited one recent instance of damage…10… a Hebei province developer, who removed a portion of the wall 600 years old.

"The blocks removed …11…the Great Wall rampart had been set aside and …12…both sides of the breach, two sections …13…1,000-meter new cement wall replaced the original wall," Xinhua said.

The developer was fined 100,000 yuan ($12,080), it said, quoting him …14…saying he was only trying to keep the wall …15…deteriorating.

"Improper repair is just one kind …16…destruction," Dong Yaohui, general-secretary of the Great Wall Society …17…China was quoted as saying.

"It's much better to keep it…18… it was if we can't repair it properly."

The number of visitors -- ten million a year -- also has contributed to wear and tear, Dong said, calling …19…tourism departments to "find a balance …20…development and protection."

MEGOLDÁSOK