Amnesic shellfish poisons
Amnesic shellfish poisoning is caused by domoic acid, produced by chain-forming diatoms. Toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms also occur in the waters of north-west United States, Japan, New Zealand, Spain and Portugal. In addition to bivalve shellfish, razor clams as well as the hepatopancreas and viscera of Dungeness crab have been found to be contaminated (Hallegraeff 2003).
To date, low concentrations of P. multiseries have been detected in New South Wales estuaries, but its toxicity has not yet been confirmed (Hallegraeff 1994). Blooms of P. pseudodelicatissima are common in Tasmanian and Victorian coastal waters, but all cultured strains as well as field samples have proved to be non-toxic (Hallegraeff 2003).
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