Broad Threat Categories (IUCN)
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Threat categories used for analysis
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(1) Agriculture
Threats from grazing and agricultural expansion, intensification, and change in agricultural land use
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Grazing & Disturbance by Stock
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Intensive Agriculture
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(2) Biological Resource Use
Threats from consumptive use of "wild" biological resources including both deliberate and unintentional harvesting effects; also persecution or control of specific species
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Firewood Harvest & Rock Removal
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Fishing & Harvesting of Aquatic Resources
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Illegal Hunting or Collection
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(3) Climate Change & Severe Weather
Threats from long-term climatic changes which may be linked to global warming and other severe climatic/weather events that are outside of the natural range of variation, or potentially can wipe out a vulnerable species or habitat
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Climate Change, Drought & Severe Weather
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(4) Energy Production & Mining
Threats from production of non-biological resources
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(5) Human Intrusions & Disturbance
Threats from human activities that alter, destroy and disturb habitats and species associated with non-consumptive uses of biological resources
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Recreational Activities & Site Disturbance
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(6) Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes
Threats from non-native and native plants, animals, pathogens/microbes, or genetic materials that have or are predicted to have harmful effects on biodiversity following their introduction, spread and/or increase in abundance
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Competition with Honey Bees
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Disease & Insect Damage
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Grazing & Disturbance by Deer or Goats
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Grazing & Disturbance by Kangaroos
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Phytophthora*
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Predation & Competition by Introduced Birds
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Predation & Competition by Introduced Fish
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Predation & Disturbance by Uncontrolled Dogs
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Predation by European Fox
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Predation by Feral & Uncontrolled Cats
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Problematic Native Species (other)
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Weed Invasion
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(7) Natural System Modifications
Threats from actions that convert or degrade habitat in service of “managing” natural or semi-natural systems, often to improve human welfare
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Fire Management Activities
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Inappropriate Fire Regimes
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Inappropriate Site Management
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Removal of Snags
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Water Management & Use
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(8) Pollution
Threats from introduction of exotic and/or excess materials (e.g. chemicals, solid rubbish) or energy from point and non-point sources
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Pollution & Poisoning (Chemical, Solid Waste & Other)
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(9) Residential & Commercial Development
Threats from human settlements or other non-agricultural land uses with a substantial footprint
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Residential & Commercial Development
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(10) Transportation & Service Corridors
Threats from long narrow transport corridors and the vehicles that use them including associated wildlife mortality
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Road-kill
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Road, Rail & Utilities Maintenance Activities
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