Department of anaessthesia

Primary Health Care Directorate

Research Report 2006

Acting Director/Chair: James Irlam

Directorate Profile
Vision

To realise the principles of the Primary Health Care Approach in achieving quality health care for all

Mission

To promote equitable, comprehensive, compassionate and quality care at all levels of the health system by means of:

• 
  the recognition of diversity and culture
  
• 
  evidence-based practice and policy
  
• 
  active health promotion
  
• 
  community-based education
  
• 
  strategic partnerships
  

Directorate Statistics
Permanent and long-term contract staff

Professors	0
Senior Lecturer	1
Lecturers	2
Community Site Facilitators	4
Community Based Education Manager	1
Facility Manager	1
Admin Staff	1
Total	10

Research Fields and Staff
Mr James Irlam

Acting Director/Chair & Senior Lecturer; Primary Health Care; evidence-based practice

Ms Johannah Keikelame

Lecturer; Primary Health Care; community needs assessment; health promotion
Ms Lauraine Vivian

Lecturer; Primary Health Care; medical anthropology; culture and illness; medical education

Contact Details

Postal Address: Primary Health Care Directorate, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, E47-25, Observatory, 7925

Telephone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

Research Output
ARTICLES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS
Mayosi, B.M., Wiysone, C.S., Ntshekhe, M., Volmink, J., Gumedze, F.N., Maartens, G., Aje, A., Thomas, B.M., Thomas, K.M., Awotedu, A.A., Thembela, B., Mntla, P., Maritz, F., Blackett, K.N., Nkouonlack, D.C., Burch, V., Rebe, K., Parish, A., Sliwa, K., Vezi, B.Z., Alam, N., Brown, B., Gould, T., Visser, T., Shey, M.S., Magula, N.P. and Commerford, P.J. 2006. Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: the investigation of the management of pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6(2). [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/2.
Mayosi, B.M., Robertson, K.A., Volmink, J., Adebo, W., Akinyore, K., Amoah, A., Bannerman, C., Biesman-Simons, S., Carapetis, J., Cilliers, A. and Commerford, P.J. 2006. The Drakensberg Declaration on the Control of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Africa. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 246.
Nkgudi, B., Robertson, K., Volmink, J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Notification of rheumatic fever in South Africa - evidence for underreporting by health care professionals and administrators. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 206-208.
Robertson, K.A., Volmink, J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Towards a uniform plan for the control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Africa - the Awareness Surveillance Advocacy Prevention (ASAP) Programme. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 241-245.

PUBLISHED CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Keikelame, M.J. 2006. Teaching health promotion within the context of health and human rights. Poster presented at Health and Human Rights Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
Keikelame, M.J. and Maart, S. 2006. Health Promotion in practice: A student learning approach. Globalization and Equity: Consequences for Health Promotion Policies and Practices, 7th IUHPE European Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education, 18-21 October 2006, Budapest, Hungary: 122-123.
Leyns, C., Boels, M., Derese, A. and Vivian, L.M.H. 2006. Exploration of factors that influence the physician's attitude and behaviour towards their patient's rights. Poster presented at The Network: Towards Unity for Health Annual conference, University of Gent.
Marais, A., Vivian, L.M.H., McLaughlin, S. and Argent, A.C. 2005. Understanding care giving in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Poster presented at the 9th Congress of the World Federations of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care in Medicine Conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Wiysonge, C.S., Ntshekhe, M., Gumedze, F.N., Maartens, G., Volmink, J., Commerford, P.J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Excess mortality in presumed tuberculous pericarditis. European Heart Journal 27: 958.

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS AND WORKS OF A POPULAR NATURE
Vivian, L.M.H. 2005. Challenges for Africa (Letter to the Editor). British Medical Journal: 331.

EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT WORK
Irlam, J.H., Swingler, G., Macharia, W., Tietche, F. and Meremikwu, M. 2006. Child health and nutrition research in Sub-Saharan Africa: A regional profile of research priorities and role players. Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva. Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CH, Global Forum for Health Research, Geneva.
Keikelame, M.J. and Vivian, L.M.H. 2006. Members of the South African Medical Association (SAMA) Task Team to revise the booklet "Bridging the Gap - Potential for a health care partnerhsip between African traditional healers and biomedical personnel in South Africa". South African Medical Association.

Consultancy and other activities based on expertise developed in research
Keikelame, M.J. 2006. Delivered Health Promotion talk for Methodist Congregation on "How church can address HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination".
Keikelame, M.J. 2006. Delivered Health Promotion talk for Methodist Guilders on "Teenage pregnancy".
Keikelame, M.J. 2006. External Examiner for Graduate Entry Medical Probramme (GEMP 3), Public Health Medicine Block, Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits University.
Vivian, L.M.H. 2006. Coordinator for Zimbabwean Human Rights initiative for Doctors.
Vivian, L.M.H. 2006. Member of South African Charter London School of Economics Alumni.
Vivian, L.M.H. 2006. Member of the Children's Institute Programme Seminars.

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health

Research Report 2006
Head of Department: Professor Dan J. Stein
Departmental Profile
The Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health is strongly committed to strengthening the integration between services, teaching, and research. Many of the clinicians in the Department are active in research in their particular areas of focus. Thus clinical research in the Department covers key clinical problems that are relevant in the South African context, including behavioural and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV/AIDS, substance use disorders (including fetal alcohol syndrome), risk-seeking behaviour, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
In addition, the Department plays a key role in several cross-departmental and cross-institutional research initiatives:

• 
  The Brain-Behaviour Initiative (BBI) is one of UCT’s signature themes, and the Cross-University Brain-Behaviour Initiative (CUBB), involving UCT and the University of Stellenbosch is a NRF funded Research Niche Area. The initial focus of the BBI and CUBBI are is on trauma. More details of our aims, methods, and partners, are available at our website - http://www.psychiatry.uct.ac.za/cubbi
  

• 
  The Adolescent Health Research Institute is examining adolescent risk-seeking behaviour, predictors of school dropout, and violence in intimate adolescent relationships. Data analysis is in progress for two large school-based cluster randomised control trials of AIDS prevention.
  

• 
  The WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and the World Federation for Mental Health Collaborating Centre for Mental Health are housed in the Dept, and exemplify the Dept’s commitment to mental health research policy. This work currently includes a large grant from the UK Department for International Development to examine mental health policy development and implementation in four African countries, and the implications of data from a nationally representative epidemiological sample for mental health policy.
  

Departmental Statistics
Permanent and long-term contract staff

Professors	2
Emeritus Professors	4
Associate Professors	3
Senior Lecturers	18
Lecturers	12
Research Staff	10
Administrative and Clerical Staff	2
Total	55

Honorary Staff

Lecturer

8

Students

Doctoral	9
Masters	34
Undergraduate	322
Total	365

Research Fields and Staff
Permanent Staff
Professor Dan Stein

Psychobiology of the anxiety disorders (including obsessive-compulsive and Spectrum disorders; post-traumatic stress disorder and social anxiety disorder)

Professor Alan Flisher

Adolescent risk behaviour; epidemiology of suicide; mental heath services research; epidemiology of psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents

Emeritus Professor Chris Molteno

Infant mental health; fetal alcohol syndrome; psychopathology in children with intellectual disability

Emeritus Professor Tuviah Zabow

Quality assurance and accreditation in psychiatry; the management of impaired medical practitioners and students; mental health legislation

Associate professor Denise White

HIV and mental illness; Catatonia; Ethics and human rights

Associate Professor Astrid Berg

Analytic psychotherapy; infant mental health; culture and mental health

Associate Professor Sean Kaliski

Forensic psychiatry

Ms Ereshia Benjamin

Ethics in community psychology

Dr Sean Baumann

Psychotic disorders; chronic pain

Mr Willem de Jager

Inpatient child psychiatry; group therapy; organisational dynamics

Ms Louise Frenkel

Secondary traumatisation of health workers; working with patient trauma

Dr Neil Horn

Bipolar Disorder: Genetics, psychopathology, and treatment. Impulsivity and Neuroimaging. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Dr John Joska

Depression and treatment-resistant depression; Neuropsychiatry and HIV; Mental health services

Dr Ian Lewis

Emergency psychiatry; methamphetamine use disorders

Dr Cobus McCallaghan

Psychobiology

Ms Adele Marais

Intimate partner violence. Participatory Action Research, and Qualitative methodology

Dr Pete Milligan

Mental health services

Dr Rene Nassen

Peadiatric consultation-liaison psychiatry; pervasive developmental disorders; behavioural manifestations of HIV infection

Dr Elizabeth Peter

Mental illness in intellectual disability; genetic psychiatry

Dr Larissa Panieri-Peter

Forensic psychiatry

Dr John Parker

Women’s mental health

Ms Mona Roper

Parenting practises, community-based interventions

Dr Jane Saunders

Psychogeriatrics; women’s health; neuropsychiatry including HIV and mental health

Dr Don Wilson

Anxiety disorders; substance misuse

Dr Bavi Vythlingum

Women’s mental health; stress and development

Contract Research Staff
Ms Nazeema Ahmed

Adolescent’s and educators’ perspectives on sexuality and reproductive health Issues; school-based reproductive health promotion programmes

Ms Shahieda Jansen

Design of school-based reproductive health promotion programmes

Dr Crick Lund

Mental health policy and services

Ms Beauty Mlanjeni

Self-guided psychotherapy

Ms Wanjiru Mukoma

Evaluation of school-based AIDS prevention programmes

Dr. Tim Newman

Genetics of trauma and stress

Ms Zareena Parker
Mental health services, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Ms Liezille Pretorius

Adolescent risk behaviour; substance misuse, HIV/AIDS and related issues

Dr Terry-Ann Selokow

Youth sexuality and culture, gender, implementation and evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention projects

Ms Lorraine Townsend

Adolescent risk behaviour and their educational impact

Ms Zanine Wolf

Adolescent mental health

Contact Details

Postal Address: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925

Telephone: [phone] or 447 5450

Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

Research Output
ARTICLES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS
Aaro, L.E., Flisher, A.J., Kaaya, S., Fuglegang, M., Onya, H., Klepp, K.-I. and Schaalma, H. 2006. Promoting sexual and reproductive health in early adolescence. A study in South Africa and Tanzania. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34: 150-158.
Ahmed, N., Flisher, A.J., Mathews, C., Jansen, S., Mukoma, W. and Schaalma, H. 2006. Process evaluation of the teacher training for an AIDS prevention programme. Health Education Research, 21(5): 621-632.
Allan, A., Allan, M., Kaminer, D.B. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Exploration of the relationship between apology and forgiveness amongst victims of human rights abuses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24: 87-102.
Bandelow, B., Baldwin, D.S., Dolberg, O.T., Andersen, H.F. and Stein, D.J. 2006. What is the threshold for symptomatic response and remission for major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67: 1428-1434.
Blanco, C., Olfson, M., Stein, D.J., Simpson, H., Gameroff, M. and Narrow, W. 2006. Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder by U.S. psychiatrists. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67: 946-951.
Cox, S., Mpofu, F., Berg, A. and Rode, H. 2006. The impact of subspecialty services on health care delivery - a community health centre based study. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 945-949.
Davidson, J., Baldwin, D.S., Stein, D.J., Kuper, E., Benattia, I., Ahmed, S., Pedersen, R. and Musgnung, J. 2006. Treatment of post - traumatic stress disorder with venlafaxine extended release: A 6-month randomized cotrolled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63: 1158 - 1165.
Faure, J., Uys, J., Marais, L., Stein, D.J. and Daniels, W. 2006. Early maternal separation followed by later stressors leads to dysregulation of the HPA-axis and increases in hippocampal NGF and NT-3 levels in a rat model. Metabolic Drain Disease, 21(2-3): 172-179.

Fernander, A.F., Flisher, A.J., King, G., Price, M., Chalton, D.O. and Lombard, C. 2006. Smoking and depression among youth in Cape Town, South Africa. Ethnicity and Disease, 16: 41-50.

Fineberg, N., Stein, D.J., Premkumar, P., Carey, P., Sivakumaran, T., Vythilingum, B.V., Seedat, S., Wesyenberg, H. and Denys, D. 2006. Adjunctive quetiapine for serotonin reuptake inhibitor - resistant obsessive - compulsive disorder: A met - analysis of randomized controlled treatment trials. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21: 337-343.
Flisher, A.J. and Mathews, C. 2006. Rasch Modeling of the structure of health risk behavior in South African adolescents. Journal of applied measurement, 7(3): 323-334.
Flisher, A.J., Kaaya, S., Butau, T., Lombard, C., Muller, M., Mwambo, J. and Klepp, K.-I. 2005. Test - re-test reliability of self-reported adolescent risk behaviour in South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 4: 1-16.
Flisher, A.J., Mathews, C., Mukoma, W. and Lombard, C. 2006. Secular trends in risk behaviour of Cape Town grade 8 students. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 982-987.
Flisher, A.J., Ward, C.L., Liang, H., Onya, H., Mlisa, N., Tereblanche, S., Bhana, A., Parry, C.D.H. and Lombard, C. 2006. Injury - related behaviour among South African high school students at six sites. South African Medical Journal, 96: 825 - 830.
Foa, E.B., Stein, D.J. and Mcfarlane, A.C. 2006. Symptamology and psychopathology of mental health problems after disaster. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(S2): 15-25.
Harvey, B., Brand, L., Jeeva, Z. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Cortical/hippocampal monoamines, HPA-axis changes and aversive behavior following stress and restress in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Physiology and Behavior, 87: 881-890.
Hawkridge, S.M., Seedat, S., Emsley, R., Carey, P. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Response: Selective serotin reputake inhibitors in children and adolescents. South African Medical Journal, 96(2): 83-84.
Hemmings, S.M.J. and Stein, D.J. 2006. The current status of association studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29: 411 - 444.
Hemmings, S.M.J., Kinnear, C., Lochner, C., Moolman-Smook, H. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Genetic correlates in trichotillomania - a case - control association study in the South African Caucasian population. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 43: 93-101.
Ipser, J.C. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Newer anti-convulsants in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: CD006241.
Ipser, J.C., Carey, P., Dhansay, Y., Fakier, N., Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment - resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4: CD005473.
Ipser, J.C., Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis. South African Medical Journal, 96: 1088-1096.
Jaspan, H.B., Berwick, J., Myer, L., Mathews, C., Flisher, A.J., Wood, R. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. Adolescent HIV prevalence, sexual risk, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5): 342-648.
Jorgensen, T.R., Stein, D.J., Despiegel, N., Drpst, P.B., Hemels, M.E. and Baldwin, D.S. 2006. Cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram compared with paroxetine in treatment of generilized anxiety disorder in the United Kingdom. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 40: 1752 - 1758.
Kleintjies, S., Flisher, A.J., Fick, M., Railon, A., Lund, C., Molteno, C.D. and Robertson, B.A. 2006. The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review, 9: 157-160.
Lochner, C. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Does work on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders contribute to understanding the heterogeneity of obsessive compulsive disorder? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30: 353-361.
Lochner, C., Seedat, S., Niehaus, D. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Topiramate in the treatment of trichotillomania: An open-label pilot study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21: 255-259.
Lund, C. and Flisher, A.J. 2006. Norms for mental health services in South Africa: A systematic approach to planning. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41: 584-594.
Marais, L., Daniels, W., Brand, L., Viljoen, F., Hugo, C., Stein, D.J. 2006. Psychopharmacology of maternal separation anxiety in vervet monkeys. Metabolic Brain Disease, 21(2-3): 191-200.
Mathews, C., Boon, H., Flisher, A.J. and Schaalma, H. 2006. Factors associated with teacher's implementation of HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care, 18: 388-397.
Mpofu, E., Flisher, A.J., Bility, K., Onya, H. and Lombard, C. 2006. Sexual networking: Prevalence and correlates in a rural South African setting. AIDS and Behavior, 10: 399-404.
Muller, L. and Flisher, A.J. 2006. Standards for mental health services in South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review, 9: 7-38.
Olley, B.O., Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Persistence of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa: A 6 month follow - up study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61: 479-484.
Palen, L.-A., Smith, E.A., Caldwell, L., Flisher, A.J. and Mpofu, E. 2006. Substance use and sexual risk behaviour among South African high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39: 761-763.
Saunders, T., Stein, D.J. and Dilger, J. 2006. Informed consent for labor epidurals: A survey of Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology anesthesiologists from the United States. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 15: 98-103.
Seedat, S., Lochner, C., Vythilingum, B.V. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Disability and quality of life in post-traumatic stress disorder: Impact of drug treatment. Pharmacoeconomics, 24: 989-998.
Selikow, T., Flisher, A.J., Mathews, C. and Ketel, T.J. 2006. Media messaging: A synthesis from the literature to inform HIV/AIDS prevention among young people. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18: 61-72.
Smit, J., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Bekker, L.G. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research in a peri-urban South African community. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 17: 1-5.
Smit, J., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Wood, R., Stein, D.J. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. Sexual risk factors associated with volunteering for HIV vaccine research in South Africa. AIDS Care, 18: 569-573.
Smit, J., Myer, L., Middelkoop, K., Seedat, S., Wood, R., Bekker, L.G. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Mental health and sexual risk behaviours in a South African township: A community-based cross-sectional study. Public Health, 120: 534-542.
Smit, J., Van den Berg, C.E., Bekker, L.G., Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. 2006. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a mental health battery in an African setting. African Health Sciences, 6: 215-222.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Advances in understanding the anxiety disorders: The cognitive - neuroscience of " false alarms". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 18: 173-182.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Combined use of behavioural therapy and partial NMDA agonist to treat anxiety disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8: 261-262.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Evidence-based treatment of anxiety disorders. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 10 (S1): 16-21.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Evolutionary psychiatry: Integrating evolutionary theory and modern psychiatry. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30: 765.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Evolutionary theory, psychiatry, and psychopharmacology. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30: 766-773.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Guidelines and algorithms for anxiety disorders: Evidence -based excellence or garbage in, garbage out? Current Psychiatry Reports, 8: 253-255.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Current advances, and future directions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30: 325-326.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: Current advances, and future directions. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29: 13-15.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Recent advances in understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS Spectrums, 11(S12): 4.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Relevance to anxiety disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 8: 286-290.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Sadistic cruelty and unempathic evil: Psychological and evolutionary considerations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29: 242.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Understanding the neurobiology of comordity in anxiety disorders. CNS Spectrums, 11(S12): 13 - 20.
Stein, D.J. and Kaminer, D.B. 2006. Forgiveness and psychopathology: Psychobiological and evolutionary underpinnings. CNS Spectrums, 11: 87-89.
Stein, D.J. and Lochner, C. 2006. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: A multidimesional approach. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29: 343-351.
Stein, D.J. and Matsunaga, H. 2006. Specific phobia: A disorder of fear conditioning and extinction. CNS Spectrums, 11: 248-251.
Stein, D.J., Anderson, E. and Lader, L. 2006. Escitalopram versus paroxetine for social anxiety disorder: An analysis of efficacy for different symptom dimensions. European Neuropsychopharmacology. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 16: 33-38.
Stein, D.J., Arya, M., Pietrini, P., Rapoport, J. and Swedo, J. 2006. Neurocircuitry of disgust and anxiety in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A positron emission tomography study. Metabolic Brain Disease, 21(2-3): 255-265.
Stein, D.J., Baldwin, D.S., Dolberg, O.T., Despiegel, N. and Bandelow, B. 2006. Which factors predict placebo response in aniety disorders and major depression? An analysis of placebo-controlled studies of escitalpram. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67: 1741-1746.
Stein, D.J., Bolton, D., Denys, D., Huddle, T. and Powell, T. 2006. Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine: Expanding the open-access conversation on health care. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 1. [Online]. http://www.peh-med.com/content/1/1/1.
Stein, D.J., Carey, P. and Warwick, J. 2006. Beauty and the beast: Psychobiological and evolutionary perspectives on body dysmorphic disorder. CNS Spectrums, 11: 419-422.
Stein, D.J., Chamberlain, S.R. and Fineberg, N. 2006. An A-B-C model of habit disorders: Hair-pulling, skin-picking, and other stereotypic conditions. CNS Spectrums, 11: 824-827.
Stein, D.J., Ipser, J.C. and Seedat, S. 2006. Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1: CD002795.
Stein, D.J., Kaminer, D.B., Zungu-Dirwayi, N. and Seedat, S. 2006. Pros and cons of medicalization: The example of trauma. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 7: 2-4.
Stein, D.J., Daniels, W., Emsley, R., Harvey, B., Blackburn, J., Carey, P., Ellis, G.F.R., Illing, N., Flisher, A.J., Moolman-Smook, H., Mwaba, K., Ramesar, R., Russell, V.A., Seedat, S., Tredoux, C.G., Vaughan, C.L., Vythilingum, B.V. and Warwick, J. 2006. A brain-behaviour initiative for South Africa: The time is right. Metabolic Brain Disease, 21(2-3): 266-271.
Stein, D.J., Newman, T.K., Savitz, J. and Ramesar, J.E. 2006. Warriors vs worriers: The role of COMT gene variants. CNS Spectrums, 11: 745-748.
Stein, D.J., Solms, M. and Van Honk, J. 2006. The cognitive-affective neuroscience of the unconscious. CNS Spectrums, 11: 580-583.
Stein, D.J., Van der Kolk, B.A., Austin, C., Fayyad, R. and Clary, C. 2006. Efficacy of sertraline in post-traumatic stress disorder secondary to interpersonal trauma or childhood abuse. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 18: 243-249.
Townsend, L., Flisher, A.J., Gilreath, G. and King, G. 2006. A systematic review of tabacco use among sub-Saharan African youth. Journal of Substance Use, 11: 245-269.
Townsend, L., Flisher, A.J., Gilreath, T. and King, G. 2006. A systematic literature review of tabacco use by adults aged 15 years and older in Sub-Saharan Africa. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 84: 14-27.
Uys, J., Marais, L., Faure, J., Prevoo, D., Swart, P., Mohammed, A.H., Stein, D.J. and Daniels, W.M. 2006. Developmental trauma is associated with behavioural arousal, altered HPA axis activity, and decreased hippocampal neuritrophin expression in the adult rat. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071: 542-546.
Uys, J., Richter, L., Harvey, B., Stein, D.J. and Daniels, W. 2006. Early life trauma decreases glucocorticoid receptors in rat dentate gyrus upon adult re-stress: Reversal by escitalprom. Neuroscience, 137: 619-625.
Ward, C.L., Flisher, A.J. and Kepe, L. 2006. A pilot study of an intervention to prevent negative mental health consequences of forensic mortuary work. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19: 159-163.
Warwick, J., Carey, P., Van der Linden, G., Prinsloo, C., Niehaus, D., Seedat, S., Dupont, P. and Stein, D.J. 2006. A comparison of the effects of citalopram and moclobemide on resting brain perfusion in social anxiety disorder. Metabolic Brain Disease, 21(2-3): 230-241.
Wegner, L., Flisher, A.J., Muller, M. and Lombard, C. 2006. Leisure boredom and substance use amongst high school students in South Africa. Journal of Leisure Research, 38: 249-266.
Woods, D.W., Flessner, C.A., Franklin, M.E., Keuthen, N.J., Goodwin, R.D., Stein, D.J. and Walther, M.R. 2006. The Trichotillomania Impact Project (TIP): Exploring phenomenology, functional impairment, and treatment utilization. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(12): 1877-1888.

BOOKS
Hollander, E. and Stein, D.J. (eds) 2006. Clinical manual of impulse control disorders: 1-347. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Stein, D.J., Schatzberg, A. and Kupfer, D. 2006. Textbook of mood disorders: 1-778. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
Hollander, E., Baker, B.R., Kahn, J. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Conceptualizing and assessing impulse control disorders. In E. Hollander and D.J. Stein (eds), Clinical manual of impulse control disorders: 1-18. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Patel, V., Flisher, A.J. and Cohen, A. 2006. Mental Health. In M. Merson (ed.), Textbook on international public health. 2^nd ed.: 355-391. Boston MA, US: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Stein, D.J. 2006. Teoria evolutiva psicofarmacologia. In F. Lopez-Munoz and C. Alamo (eds), Historia de la Psicofarmacologia 2006: 1583-1600. US: Editorial Medica Panamericana, S.A.
Stein, D.J., Harvey, B., Seedat, S. and Hollander, E. 2006. Treatment of impulse control disorders. In E. Hollander and D.J. Stein (eds), Clinical manual of impulse control disorders: 309 -325. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.

PUBLISHED CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Flisher, A.J. 2006. School based interventions to address violence among young people. 15yh International Safe Communities Conference. Cape Town, 9-11 April 2006. Invited plenary address.
Flisher, A.J., Myer, L., Marais, P., Lombard, C. and Reddy, P. 2006. Partner violence among Cape Town adolescents. HIV Research Net COnference, Bergen,Norway, 19-20 October 2006. Invited plenary presentaion.
Marais, A., Vivian, L.M.H., Mclaughlin, S. and Argent, A.C. 2005. Understanding care giving in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Poster presented at the 9th Congress of the World Federations of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care in Medicine Conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS AND WORKS OF A POPULAR NATURE
Stein, D.J. 2006. on Montgomery S et al, Continued escitalopram reduces risk of relapse in people with generalized social anxiety disorder. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 9: 52.
Swartz, L., Breen, A., Flisher, A.J., Joska, J., Corrigall, J., Plaatjies, L. and McDonald, D. 2006. How depressing: Poverty, mental health and municipal services in South Africa. Municipal Services Project Occasional Papers, 12: 1-48.

Consultancy and other activities based on expertise developed in research
Flisher, A.J., Wolf, Z.N., Selikow, T.-A., Ketye, T.J., Petorius, L. and Mathews, C. 2006. Process evaluation of selected AIDS prevention interventions in high schools in th eWestern Cape. Cape Town: Iniversity of Cape Town, 2006.
Mathews, C., Guttmacher, S., Flisher, A.J., Mtshizana, Y.Y.Y., Nelson, T., McCarthy, J., Daries, V. and Gribble, P. 2006. The quality of HIV voluntary counselling and testing for adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa. Cape Town: Medical Research Council 2006.
Selikow, T., Flisher, A.J., Mathews, C. and Ketye, T.J. 2006. HIV/AIDS prevention messaging for young people in the Western Cape. Cape Town: University of Cape Town 2006.
Ward, C.L., Mertens, J.R., Flisher, A.J., Bresick, G.F., Sterling, S.A., Little, F., Weisner, C. and Ammon, L. 2006. Substance use and HIV risk behaviours in community health centres in Cape Town. Report to District and Metro Health Services and Local Authority Health Services. Cape Town: Human Sciences Research Council, Kaiser Permanente, University of Cape Town and University of California, 2006.