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PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)



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PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



All questions carry equal marks.

  1. Elucidate the different types of budgets.

  2. From the following trial balance as on 31.12.1995 of Sunshine & Co., Prepare trading account and profit and loss account and balance sheet.

Particulars

Rs.

Particulars

Rs.

Plant & machinery

13,000

Capital

25,000

Building

17,000

Loans

5,000

Receivables

9,650

Sales

35,000

Purchases

18,000

Accounts payable

3,000

Discount allowed

1,200

Bills payable

4,000

Wages

7,000

Purchase returns

5,000

Salaries

3,000

Dividends received

2,000

Trade expenses

750







Freight

200







Insurance

300







Commission paid

100







Bank

1,600







Repairs

500







Interest on loan

600







Opening stock

6,000







Suspense

100










79,000




79,000

Additional information :

(a) Closing stock Rs. 8.000

(b) Depreciation on plant & machinery at 15% and 10% on buildings

(c) Provision for doubtful receivables Rs. 500

(d) Insurance prepaid Rs. 50

(e) Outstanding rent Rs. 100



  1. From the following information make out a statement of proprietors funds with as many details as possible:

(a) Current ratio 2.5

(b) Liquidity ratio 1.5

(c) Proprietary ratio (fixed assets/proprietary fund) 0.75

(d) Working capital Rs. 60,000

(e) Reserves and surplus Rs. 40,000

(f) Bank overdraft Rs. 10,000

(g) There is no long-term loan or fictitious asset.


  1. The following is the comparative Balance Sheet of Pratima & Co. Ltd., as on 30th June 1987 and 30th June 1988.

Balance Sheet

Liabilities

30.6.1987




30.6.1988

Assets

30.6.1987




30.6.1988




Rs.




Rs.




Rs.




Rs.

Share capital

1,80,000




2,00,000

Goodwill

24,000




20,000

Reserve fund

28,000




36,000

Buildings

80,000




72,000

P & L a/c

39,000




24,000

Machinery

74,000




72,000

Trade creditors

16,000




10,800


Investments
Inventories

20,000
60,000




22,000

50,800


Bank overdraft

12,400




2,600


Debtors
Cash

40,000
13,200




44,400
30,400

Provisions for taxation

32,000




34,000














Provision for doubtful debts

3,800




4,200

















3,11,200




3,11,600




3,11,200




3,11,600

Additional information :

(a) Depreciation charged on machinery Rs. 10,000 and on buildings Rs. 8,000.

(b) Investments sold during the year Rs. 3,000

(c) Rs. 15,000 interim dividend paid during January 1988

(d) Taxes paid during the year Rs. 30,000.

Prepare


(i) a statement of changes in working capital.

(ii) a fund flow statement.



  1. The sales turnover and profit during two years were as follows :

Year

Sales

Profit




Rs.

Rs.

2005

1,40,000

15,000

2006

1,60,000

20,000

Calculate :

(a) P/V Ratio

(b) Break even point

(c) Sales required to earn a profit of Rs. 40,000

(d) Fixed expenses.


  1. Prepare a flexible budget for overheads on the basis of the following data. Ascertain overhead rates at 50%, 60% and 70% capacity levels.




    At 60%

    capacity


    Variable overhead :




    Indirect material

    6,000

    Indirect Labour

    18,000

    Semi-variable overhead :




    Electricity (40% fixed, 60% variable)

    30,000

    Repairs (80% fixed, 20% variable)

    3,000

    Fixed overhead :




    Depreciation

    16,500

    Insurance

    4,500

    Salaries

    15,000

    Total overheads

    93,000

    Estimated overheads

    1,86,000

  2. The following extracts of costing information related to commodity ‘A’ for the half year ending 31.12.2002.

Particulars

Rs.

Purchases of raw materials

1,20,000

Work overheads

48,000

Direct wages

1,00,000

Carriage on purchases

1,440

Stock (1st July 2002)




– Raw materials

20,000

– Finished products (1,000 tons)

16,000

Stock (31st July 2002)




– Raw materials

22,240

– Finished products (2,000 tons)

32,000

Work-in-progress (1st July 2002)

4,800

Work-in-progress (31 December 2002)

16,000

Sales-Finished products

3,00,000

Selling and distribution overheads are Rs. 1 per ton sold 16,000 tons of commodity were produced during the period.

You are to ascertain

(a) Cost of raw materials used

(b) Cost of output for the period

(c) Cost of sales

(d) Net profit for the period and

(e) Net profit per ton of the commodity.

————————



DE-1871

22

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A.(S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Second Semester

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

(2005 onwards)



Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.


  1. Explain the concept of business environment.

  2. How the environment influences the business?

  3. State the functions of national development council of India.

  4. List out the objectives of Ninth five year plans of India.

  5. Define the term ‘‘Culture’’, ‘‘Castes’’, ‘‘Religion’’.

  6. Explain the social structure prevailed in India.

  7. What is Business Ethics? State the important principles of it.

  8. List out the role of trade association in relation to promote the business ethics.

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. What is environmental awareness and scanning and how it will affect the business planning.

  2. Explain briefly the new industrial policy of india.

  3. Discuss elaborately the factors affecting social and cultural environment.

  4. What is ethical performance in business? State the measure adopted by the business to improve of it.

  5. Describe briefly the economic roles of govt. in India.

  6. Explain the various functions performed by government.

  7. State the features of technology. Explain the economic and social effect of it.

——————


DE–1872



23

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Second Semester

QUANTITATIVE METHODS

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.


  1. Explain the applications of Quantitative Analysis in the practice of management.

  2. What are the different types of costs? List out the costs that are relevant for decision-making.

  3. Explain the significance and process of Sensitivity Analysis.

  4. What is Simulation? Explain the practical uses of Simulation.

  5. Solve by Simplex method :

Maximize

Subject to :





  1. Discuss the North West Corner Rule for finding the initial solution.

  2. What are the factors to be considered in any decision criterion?

  3. Find the probability of drawing a queen, a king and a knave in that order from a pack of cards in three consecutive draws, the cards drawn not being replaced.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. What is Break even analysis? Discuss the applications of Break even analysis in decision making.

  2. Explain the L.P technique as an Optimization technique.

  3. Solve the following L.P problem graphically :

Max

Subject to :





  1. How will you deal with supply-demand inequalities in transportation?

  2. List out the uses of probability to an investment decision-making.

  3. Customers arrive at a milk booth for the required service. Assume that inter-arrival and service times are constant and given by 1.8 and 4 time units respectively. Simulate the system by hand computations for 14 time units. What is the average waiting time per customer? What is the percentage idle time of the facility? (Assume that the system starts at t = 0).

  4. A T.V dealer finds that the cost of T.V in stock for a week is Rs. 30 and the cost of a unit shortage is Rs.70. For one particular model of T.V the probability distribution of weekly sales is as follows :

Weekly sales :

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Probability :

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.25

0.15

0.15

0.05

How many units per week should the dealer order? Also find Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI).

–––––––––––––––


DE–1873

24

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & P.M.) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Second Semester

FUNDAMENTALS OF E-COMMERCE

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.


  1. State and explain functions of Intranet.

  2. Explain HTML.

  3. Explain SQL statement.

  4. What are the advantages of EDIFACT?

  5. Describe Digital Signature.

  6. Define RDBMS. Explain its objectives.

  7. Explain E-Mail Security Protocols.

  8. Discuss briefly the basic types of topologies.

SECTION B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. Explain the importance of E-Commerce.

  2. How can Firewall protect the networks from attacks through the internet?

  3. Explain Asymmetric Cryptosystems.

  4. Describe Relational Model and Network Model in detail.

  5. Explain the components and benefits of EDI.

  6. What is WWW? and how does it work?

  7. Write short notes on :

(a) E-Reservation

(b) E-cash

(c) Internet Service Provider.

—————————


DE–1874

25

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Second Semester

SHIPPING LAWS AND MARINE INSURANCE

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.


  1. Describe the responsibilities of carriers.

  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of carrying goods by sea?

  3. Explain the salient provision of multimodal Act.

  4. Write short notes on subrogation and collision liabilities.

  5. Outline the different clauses of institute cargo.

  6. How will you create and maintain claims record?

  7. What are the contributing values that influence general average?

  8. Explain the significance of New Jasor Clauses.

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. Elucidate the rights and duties of carriers.

  2. Differentiate the provisions of major ports act from Indian ports act.

  3. Briefly explain the role played by merchant shipping act in commercial shipping.

  4. Write short notes on :

(a) Mate’s receipt and

(b) Bill of lading.



  1. Explain the salient features of Marine Insurance Act.

  2. Discuss in detail about the functions and duties of an agent.

  3. Explain in detail about the essentials of general average and Atwerp rules.

————————



DE–1875

31

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. Discuss briefly the functions of a finance manager.

  2. Describe the classification of working capital.

  3. Explain the essential of a sound financial plan.

  4. Discuss the various methods for valuation of materials.

  5. Explain the concept of cost of capital.

  6. What do you understand by capital gearing? List down its significance.

  7. Discuss the important advantages and disadvantages of debentures.

  8. Discuss the various factors affecting the cash balance.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Elucidate briefly factors influencing the working capital requirement of corporate.

  2. What do you know about share? Describe the different types of shares.

  3. Explain the merits and demerits of lease financing.

  4. Explain briefly the following :

(a) Stochastic model.

(b) Model of miller and orr.



  1. From the following capital structure of a company, calculate the overall cost of capital, using

(a) Book value weights and

(b) Market value weights.



Source

Book value
Rs.

Market Value
Rs.

Equity share capital
(Rs. 10 shares)

2,25,000

4,50,000

Retained earnings

75,000

—

Preference share capital

50,000

60,000

Debentures

1,50,000

1,40,000

The after-tax cost of different sources of finance is as follows: Equity share capital:14%, Retained earnings: 13%, Preference share capital: 10%, Debentures: 5%.

  1. A Ltd. furnishes the following details about existing machine being used for production & the proposed new machine

Particulars

Existing machine

New machine

Book value

2,00,000

—

Original cost

—

3,00,000

Estimated life

10 years

10 years

Estimated cost of output p.a.
(including depreciation)

2,50,000

3,67,500

Tax rate

50%

50%

Estimated sales value p.a.

3,00,000

4,50,000

You are required to ascertain for both the machines:

(a) ARR on original investment.

(b) ARR on average investment.

(c) Incremental rate of earning on incremental investment.



  1. A ltd has a share capital of Rs.l,00,000 divided in to shares of Rs. 10 each. It has major expansion program requiring an investment of another Rs. 50,000. The management considering the following alternatives for raising the amount:

(a) Issue of 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each

(b) Issue of 5,000, 12% preference shares of Rs.10 each.

(c) Issue of 10% debentures of Rs. 50,000.

The company present earning before interest and tax (EBIT) are Rs. 40,000 pa. You are required to calculate the effect of each of the above modes of financing of the earning per share(EPS) presuming:

(i) EBIT continues to be the same even after expansion

(ii) EBIT increases by Rs. 10,000.

————————


DE–1876



32

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (Shipping and Port Management) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

SERVICES MARKETING

(2005 Onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. What is service? How do service differ from product?

  2. What are the components of a service?

  3. Explain the purpose of market segmentation.

  4. Define marketing planning and describe its scope.

  5. List the causes of poor service quality.

  6. How can success be achieved in the development of a new service?

  7. Differentiate between peripheral and essential evidence.

  8. What are the determinants of quality?

SECTION B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Explain the components of a service mission statement.

  2. What are the various steps involved in positioning?

  3. Explain how you would formulate marketing strategy for services.

  4. How does promoting services differ from promotion of goods?

  5. What are the reasons for the failure of some new service products? Give examples.

  6. What is the need of service marketing communication? What could be its objectives?

  7. Enumerate the customer relationship management strategies.

———————


DE–1877



33

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (Shipping and Port Management) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. Examine the concept of nature of human resource management.

  2. Enumerate the role of HR manager in an organization.

  3. Examine the various objectives of personnel policies.

  4. State and explain the significance Human Resource planning.

  5. Examine how effective induction helps the new employee into the organization.

  6. ‘‘Training Change the personality of the employees’’– Discuss.

  7. State the provisions of the factories Act 1948 with regard to safety and welfare of workers.

  8. What is Job analysis? List out the various uses of job analysis.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. What is workers participation of management. List down its significance. Suggest a suitable method for application to Indian conditions.

  2. Collective bargaining assumes collective wisdom of both management and labour- Discuss.

  3. Discuss the factors that affect Industrial relations.

  4. ‘‘Maintenance of effective discipline among the employees are concerned, the HR manager has to play a crucial role’’– Discuss.

  5. Elucidate the steps involved in the selection of good personnel.

  6. In industries, accident occurs due to the combinations of various factors. Discuss.

  7. Write notes on :

(a) Fringe benefits

(b) Bonus

(c) Job specification.

————————



DE–1878

34

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S&PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. Define logistics. Why there is a need for logistics management?

  2. Explain the logistical activities.

  3. What is meant by reverse logistics?

  4. How does logistics fit into a system life-cycle?

  5. Define warehousing. State its functions.

  6. What is material handling and why is it important to the integrated logistics manager?

  7. What is meant by ‘‘intermodel transportation’’? Why and where are they used?

  8. Explain the type of cost data needed in logistics costing.

SECTION B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Trace the development logistics.

  2. What are the various modes of transportation available in India? Describe their advantage and disadvantage.

  3. Discuss how purchasing interfaces with other integrated logistics activities.

  4. Discuss how inbound logistics conversion operations and outbound logistics property combine to provide integrated logistics.

  5. Describe atleast three types of intermodel transportation. How can intermodel transportation help to create a land bridge?

  6. Explain the junctions of an integrated logistics information system with a block diagram.

  7. Discuss the environmental factors affecting logistics management.

———————


DE–1879



35

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. What is a system? Write about its components.

  2. Write about the classification of information system.

  3. List out information system requirements.

  4. Explain about value chain.

  5. Explain about logical data elements.

  6. Give notes on information flow in system study.

  7. Explain about system documentation.

  8. Write about the basic considerations in computerization.

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Write about Data information. Give detailed notes on information support for decision making.

  2. Give detailed notes on capture classification.

  3. Explain about information value chain and resource building.

  4. What is data processing? Discuss about database management and its use in business.

  5. Discuss about system analysis and design in detail.

  6. Give detailed notes on BSP and CSF approach.

  7. List out the benefits of decision support system and effective use of information.

———————



DE–1880

36

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Third Semester

PORT MANAGEMENT

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. What are hinterlands and forelands?

  2. Explain briefly about port layout.

  3. What are levels of decision making in strategic port management?

  4. What are the information needs of port marketing?

  5. Explain briefly about simulation.

  6. Explain briefly about port service product.

  7. What are specialised terminals?

  8. Explain briefly about Berth and the optimum number of berth required for a port.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Describe the various port policies in detail.

  2. Discuss in detail about port marketing and port competitiveness.

  3. Describe in detail about the port organisation structure and administration structure with a neat chart.

  4. Discuss in detail about the various legal aspects of port management.

  5. Discuss about port planning principles.

  6. Discuss in detail about the rationale for private sector involvement in ports and B.O.T.

  7. Describe in detail about the tariff structure and tourist authority for major ports.

————————


DE–1881



41

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Fourth Semester

CHARTERING

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5 × 8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. What are the various factors involved in dry cargo trade?

  2. What are the different types of non-demise charter party?

  3. Explain briefly about bare boat and demise charter.

  4. What do you mean by stage of investigation?

  5. What are freight earned and payable?

  6. Explain briefly about lay days and different types of it.

  7. Explain briefly about voyage estimation.

  8. Write a note on the functions and the control and management of P and I clubs.

PART B — (4 × 15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Describe in detail about tanker trade and tanker chartering.

  2. Enumerate the basic elements of voyage charter party.

  3. Describe in detail about the various financial elements of charter party.

  4. Describe in detail about freight risk with an example.

  5. Describe in detail about arbitration for settlement of disputes in chartering.

  6. Describe in detail about lay time and calculation of lay time.

  7. Describe in detail about voyage charter hire.

————————


DE–1882



42

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (Shipping and Port Management) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Fourth Semester

LINER TRADE AND MULTIMODEL TRANSPORTATION

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.


  1. What do you mean by surcharges?

  2. What is a loyalty Contract?

  3. What are the vessel’s variable costs?

  4. What are the different types of liner agents?

  5. What are the different types of conference?

  6. What are the cross slot charter parties?

  7. What is a mini bridge and land bridge?

  8. What is OFF hire and ON hire in container leasing?

SECTION B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. Discuss in detail about (a) port equalization (b) port arbitrary charges, (c) total charges and conditions.

  2. Explain in detail about container leasing and why it is necessary for liner business.

  3. Discuss in detail about the various types of documents involved in containerization, liner and export business.

  4. What are the geographical and commercial factors that influence tariff?

  5. What is B/L? Discuss in detail about various types of B/L and its functions.

  6. Discuss in detail about the various activities involved in export business stage by stage and their various methods of payments.

  7. Discuss in detail about various activities involved in liner operations.

—————————


DE–1883

43

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Fourth Semester

COASTAL SHIPPING

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

Each questions carry equal marks.



  1. What are the determinants of growth in coastal shipping?

  2. What is the present scenario of Indian coastal shipping?

  3. Explain briefly about the objectives and latest outcomes of union ministry of surface transport.

  4. Explain briefly about the customs procedures of coastal shipping in India.

  5. What is potential of coastal shipping in India?

  6. What is major ports trust Acts 1963 related to coastal shipping?

  7. Explain briefly about National Shipping Policy.

  8. Explain briefly about Non-major ports in India.

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.

All questions carry equal marks.


  1. Discuss in detail about International law perspective to coastal shipping.

  2. Discuss in detail about the maritime sector in India and growth of it.

  3. Discuss in detail about the impediments hampering the growth of coastal shipping.

  4. Discuss about customs regulations in respect of ships carrying coastal cargoes.

  5. Discuss in detail about the need for development of infrastructure in India related to coastal shipping.

  6. Discuss in detail about the territorial water rights.

  7. Discuss in detail about the major functions of port wing of ministry of shipping.

——————


DE–1884



44

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Fourth Semester

SHIP MANAGEMENT

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

SECTION A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.



  1. How does Dry-Cargo and Bulk carries are constructed?

  2. What are the different maintenance programmes designed to maintain class of a ship?

  3. Briefly explain the different elements of daily operating costs of a Cargo.

  4. Explain in detail to calculate the lay-up decision.

  5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using crewing agencies for recruiting officers?

  6. Explain in detail the significance of voyage planning.

  7. What are the different storage factors?

  8. What are the different legal responsibilities of a ship manager?

SECTION B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



  1. Write short notes on :

(a) Demurrage claims

(b) Riggers

(c) Ship chandlers.


  1. Explain in detail the different crudes and their problems used in cargoes.

  2. Describe in detail the different characteristics of cargoes.

  3. Critically evaluate the significance of geology and meteorology in voyage planning and estimates.

  4. Discuss in detail about the different issues in bunkering.

  5. Explain briefly the procedure for preparing voyage estimates.

  6. Elucidate the methods used to register and classify ships.

–––––––––––––––


DE–1885



45

DISTANCE EDUCATION

M.B.A. (S & PM) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011.

Fourth Semester

SHIP AGENCY

(2005 onwards)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

PART A — (5  8 = 40 marks)

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.



  1. What are the different types of ship brokers?

  2. What are the different methods of paying commission and brokerage?

  3. What are the different type of tramp chartering?

  4. Briefly explain about the role of broker and agent in shipping business.

  5. Briefly explain about the three party rights against agent and principals in shipping business.

  6. How marine lien is created in US?

  7. Explain briefly about the control and management of
    P & I club?

  8. What is liability for cargo in vogage chartering?

PART B — (4  15 = 60 marks)

Answer any FOUR questions.



All questions carry equal marks.

  1. Discuss in detail about freight market reporting and freight fixture.

  2. Discuss in detail about Tramp agency and the various operations involved in it.

  3. Discuss in detail about chartering and types of it.

  4. Discuss in detail about the duties and liabilities of agent to principal.

  5. Discuss in detail about warranties and different types of it and institute warranties limits.

  6. Discuss in detail about character parties and different types of it.

  7. Discuss in detail about termination of agency.

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DE–826


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