Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Buğdayda Hastalık Yapan Fungal Etmenlerin ve Yayılış Alanlarının Tespiti Üzerine Araştırmalar (1979-1982)

Anahtar Kelimeler: Patates, tohumluk üretimi, tohumluk alanları, mini yumru, çeşit ıslahı

Devoloping of Production Systems of Territorial Seed Potatoes.

Turkey is one of the leading potato producer country in the world with approximately 160.000 ha planting area and 4,5 million tones production, annually. However, potato production in Turkey is fully depends on imported seed and cultivars due to lack of a national seed production system. This situation results a significant amount of money loss of the country every year. Moreover, lack of national seed production system causes usage of fewer amounts of certified seed as well as spreading of new pest to Turkey, which threaten the future of potato production in the country. Currently, usage of certified seed potato accounts only 10% of total potato seed used annually.

Healthy potato seed usage is much more important in potato production than any other field crops. Since potato is propagated as vegetatively, it can be easily infected by any diseases and sensitive to pest and pathogen attacks.

Potato seeds are the highest cost of potato production. It was aimed to establishment a “National Seed Potato Production System” for Turkey with this project. The National Seed Potato Production Project includes three sub-projects: 1. Determination of seed potato production areas and keep the sustainability of these areas. 2. Arrangement of basic seed production programs. 3. Improvement of new potato varieties for table food and industrial purposes in different regions of Turkey. The project was conducted with cooperation of eight research institute from General Directorate of Agricultural Research and three universities during 46 months between 2005 and 2009.

During the project, seventeen province in total (Sivas, Konya, Kayseri, Bayburt, Erzurum, Adana, Tokat, Eskişehir, Çorum, Çankırı, Erzincan, Kahramanmaraş, Kütahya, Uşak, Isparta, Burdur ve Niğde) was evaluated in respect to suitability for seed potato production. As a results of these evaluations, approximately 200.000 ha area from Sivas, Kayseri, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Kahramanmaraş, Erzincan, Tokat provinces was determined as suitable for seed potato production. These areas were registered and announced as seed potato production areas by the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs. In addition to these regions, it was found that some special areas such as Çamardı in Nigde province and Tufanbeyli in Adana province has also significant potential for seed potato production, and could be used for this purpose.

Subproject of Arrangement of Basic Seed Production Programs was carried out by Niğde Potato Research Institute, Agean Agricultural Research Institute, East Anotolian Research Institute and Aegean University Faculty of Agriculture. Within the framework of this project, plot production facilities were established to produce basic stock in those four institutes and production started. During the project, NPRI, EAARI and AUAF were authorized as producer of seed potato by using tissue culture techniques whilst ETAE was authorized in the year 2003. İncase of any demand from seed potato companies, with their infrastructure and well trained stuff capacities all participating institutions became qualified to produce 10 % of basic potato seed demand in the first year and total amount of the imported potato seed in the 4th year.

As a results of breeding studies in the project, significant achievements were obtained regarding breeding of national potato cultivars. Potato breeding infrastructure was established at the Nigde Potato Research Institute, which is the major institute for potato research in Turkey. The national potato breeding programmes was started and its maintaince was secured. At the end of the project, a lot of national potato lines from different crossing combinations at different stages (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th generations) was developed. It is possible to register the first commercial Turkish potato cultivars within these breeding lines after 2013.

The project produced very useful outputs in respect to human resources. A lot of experts from both institutes at Client Directorate and universities was trained on different aspects of seed potato production (plant health, agronomy, tissue culture and biotechnology, basic seed production and multiplication, cultivar breeding, etc.) during the project activities.

Consequently, the basic studies for development of a “National Seed Potato Production System” for Turkey was completed with the project. In next step, further studies should be conducted with new projects on different aspects of the seed potato production scheme for running and maintanence of the system. Furthermore, training and extension studies should be conducted to secure sustainability of the system.