Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912)
[Diptera: Tephritidae]
|
Oriental fruit fly
|
Yes
The northern most natural border of B. dorsalis distribution in China is 30 ±2 degrees north latitude (CAB International 2008; Wu 2005).
|
No
(CAB International 2008)
|
Yes
(AFFA 2003a; AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Likely
Females oviposit into the fruit of hosts, including apple. Eggs hatch inside the fruit and the larvae consume the fruit pulp (CAB International 2008).
|
Yes
|
Hemiptera
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903)
[Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae]
|
orange spiny whitefly
|
Yes
(Stansly and McKenzie 2007) (Baidu Baike 2008a)
|
Yes
(Martin and Gillespie 2001)
|
Yes
(Biosecurity Australia 2004a)
|
|
No
|
Aphidounguis mali Takahashi, 1963
[Hemiptera: Pemphigidae]
|
root aphid
|
Yes
(Zhang et al. 1999)
|
No
(Hollis and Eastop 2005)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
This aphid species was originally described in Japan and the primary host is Ulmus spp. Apple trees are a secondary host and roots are damaged by this species (Zhang et al. 1999).
|
No
|
Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773
[Hemiptera: Aphididae]
|
green apple aphid
|
Yes
(CAB International 2008; Wan et al. 2006)
|
No
(Hollis and Eastop 2005)
|
No
|
Unlikely
This species can only maintain itself on growing shoots and is found on leaves (CAB International 2008).
|
No
|
Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914
[Hemiptera: Aphididae]
|
apple aphid; brown citrus aphid; green citrus aphid
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a; CIQSA 2001c)
|
Yes
(Hollis and Eastop 2005)
|
No
|
|
No
|
Arboridia apicalis (Nawa 1913)
Misspelt as Erythro dis (Linnae) in CIQSA (2001a) and AQSIQ (2005) and clarified as Erythroneura apicalis (Nawa, 1913) in AQSIQ (2006)
[Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
|
grape leafhopper
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(Biosecurity Australia 2005a; Fletcher and Watson 2002)
|
Yes
(Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Leafhoppers usually feed on leaves. (AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001c)
This leafhopper would not remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting.
|
No
|
Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798)
[Hemiptera: Coccocidae]
|
Indian wax scale
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov 2005a)
|
Yes
(Qin and Gullan 1994)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
|
No
|
Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, 1881
[Hemiptera: Coccocidae]
|
Florida wax scale
|
Yes
(Qin and Gullan 1994)
|
Yes
(Qin and Gullan 1994)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
|
No
|
Ceroplastes japonicus Green, 1921
[Hemiptera: Coccidae]
|
Japanese wax scale
|
Yes
(CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998a; Qin and Gullan 1994)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Infestations of C. japonicus occur on the foliage, stems and branches (Luo et al. 1994).
|
No
|
Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893
[Hemiptera: Coccidae]
|
red wax scale
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov 2005a)
|
Yes
(Qin and Gullan 1994)
|
No
|
|
No
|
Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)
As Tettigella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) in AQSIQ (2005) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
|
green leafhopper
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a; CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998a; Fletcher and Watson 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
Eggs are laid in stems, leaf stems, leaf veins and branches. In Northern China, there are three generations per year (AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a).
This leafhopper would not remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting.
|
No
|
Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius, 1775)
As Cryptotympana pustulata (Fabricius, 1803) in China’s submissions (AQSIQ 2005)
[Hemiptera: Cicadidae]
|
blackish cicada
|
Yes
(CHNZX-Farming 2008i)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; DAFF 2004a)
|
Unlikely
Adults suck sap from branches and lay eggs in xylem of one year old branches and cause the death of branches beyond the egg laying site. Nymphs live in soil and feed on sap of roots (CHNZX-Farming 2008i).
It is listed as a “sting suck insect pest” (CIQSA 2001a) and as an “occasionally occurring insect” (CIQSA 2001c).
|
No
|
Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis
(Curtis, 1843)
[Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
|
oystershell scale; pear oyster scale
|
Yes
(CAB International 2008)
|
Yes
(CAB International 2008)
Not in WA
(CAB International 2008)
|
Yes
(Biosecurity Australia 2006a)
|
Likely
Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis mostly infests the bark on stems and branches of trees, but sometimes can be found on the fruit, where it causes red spots (CAB International 2008).
|
Yes WA
|
Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881)
[Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
|
California scale; San Jose scale
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a; CIQSA 2001c)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a; Donaldson and Houston 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
|
No
|
Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
hairy shield bug
|
Yes
(CHNZX-Farming 2008j)
|
No
(Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b)
|
Unlikely
Adults and nymphs suck sap of leaves, young shoots and fruit (CHNZX-Farming 2008j). However, they are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005).
Dolycoris baccarum was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRA for ya pear from China (AQIS 1998b). However, it has been assessed as not likely on pathway as explained above.
|
No
|
Drosicha corpulenta (Kuwana, 1902)
[Hemiptera: Margarodidae]
|
giant mealybug
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a; CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998a; Ben-Dov 2006b)
|
Yes
(AFFA 2003a; AQIS 1998a; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Recorded as a serious pest of willows in Beijing (1954-1956) and apples in Shanxi (Tang and Hao 1995).
It was assessed as not on pathway in the IRA for Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a). It is listed as a "sting suck insect pest" in CIQSA (2001a) and as an "occasionally occurring insect" in CIQSA (2001c).
|
No
|
Dysmicoccus wistariae (Green. 1923)
[Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae]
|
pear mealybug; taxus mealybug
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov 2005b)
|
No
(Ben-Dov 2005b)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
Dysmicoccus wistariae infests Taxus needles and cause the needle to drop prematurely (Ben-Dov 2005b). It is likely to be found on leaves of other host plants including apples. No report on this mealybug infesting fruit was found.
This species was assessed as ‘yes?’ for association with fruit in the IRA for Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a). This assessment was reconsidered and no evidence could be found to support the association of D. wistariae with fruit.
|
No
|
Empoasca flavescens (Fabricius, 1794)
[Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
|
small green leafhopper
|
Yes
(CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b; Moulds and Cowan 2004)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Species of leafhoppers are usually found on leaves. This leafhopper species is important in crops such as grapes and is listed as an "occasionally occurring insect" in apple orchards (CIQSA 2001c).
This leafhopper would not remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting.
|
No
|
Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802)
[Hemiptera: Aphididae]
|
woolly aphid
|
Yes
(CIQSA 2001c)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a; Hollis and Eastop 2005)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
|
No
|
Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783)
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
yellow spot stink bug
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b; Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Species of Pentomidae do not usually associate with fruit. This stink bug species was assessed as not on pathway in the IRA on ya pear from China (AQIS 1998b). It is listed as a "sting suck insect pest" in AQSIQ (2001a).
|
No
|
Eulecanium kunoense (Kuwana, 1907)
[Hemiptera: Coccidae]
|
globular peach scale; peach firm scale; soft scale
|
Yes
(CIQSA 2001c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998a; Ben-Dov 2005a)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a; AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
Coccids are usually found on leaves and stems and twigs. This coccid species was assessed as not on pathway in the IRA on Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a), and is listed as "occasionally occurring insect" in CIQSA (2001c).
|
No
|
Eurydema gebleri (Kolenti, 1856)
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
shield bug
|
Yes
(CHNZX-Farming 2008k)
|
No
(Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
No
|
Unlikely
Adults and nymphs suck the sap of leaves, stems and flowers (CHNZX-Farming 2008k). They do not affect fruit.
|
No
|
Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
yellow-brown stink bug; tree stink bug
|
Yes
(AQSIQ 2005; CIQSA 2001a)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b; Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
This species is a sap-sucking insect and feeds on shoots, leaves and fruit (Funayama 2002) (Wan et al. 2006). However, nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005). In addition fruit damaged by adults and nymphs become distorted(University of Florida 2008) and would not be picked during harvest or can be eliminated during the packing house process.
Halyomorpha halys was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRA for Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a). However, it has been assessed as not likely on pathway as explained above.
|
No
|
Halyomorpha picus (Fabricius, 1794)
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
tree stink bug
|
Yes
(Anonymous 2005)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b; Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Unlikely
The species feeds on leaves, shoots and fruit (Anonymous 2005). However, nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005). Fruit damaged by nymphs and adults become hardened and distorted (Anonymous 2005) and would not be picked during harvest or would be eliminated during the packing house process.
Halyomorpha picus was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRA for ya pear from China (AQIS 1998b). However, it has been assessed as not likely on pathway as explained above.
|
No
|
Homalogonia obtusa (Walker, 1868)
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
four-spotted stink bug
|
Yes
(GAAS 2008c)
|
No
(AQIS 1998b; Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
Like other pentatomid bugs such as the cogeneric species H. halys, this species can be a sap-sucking insect and feed on shoots, leaves and fruit (Funayama 2002). However, nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005). In addition fruit damaged by adults and nymphs become distorted (University of Florida 2008) and would not be picked during harvest or would be eliminated during the packing house process.
Halyomorpha obtusa was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRA for Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a). However, it has been assessed as unlikely to be on pathway as explained above.
|
No
|
Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1790)
[Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
|
pear oystershell scale
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov et al. 2006)
|
No
(Ben-Dov et al. 2006; Donaldson and Houston 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
Lepidosaphes conchiformis feed on leaves and branches of woody host species including Malus (Kumral et al. 2004; Watson 2005).
Lepidosaphes conchiformis was assessed as on pathway in the IRA for Fuji apple from Japan (AQIS 1998a). However, it is considered unlikely to be on pathway in this analysis due to the reason above.
|
No
|
Lepidosaphes tubulorum (Ferris 1921)
[Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
|
dark oystershell scale
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov et al. 2006)
|
No
(Ben-Dov et al. 2006; Donaldson and Houston 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
Lepidosaphes tubulorum is not likely on pathway as it feeds on the stems of host plants (USDA-APHIS 2000a)
|
No
|
Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell,1897)
[Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
|
pear white scale, Japanese long scale
|
Yes
(Ben-Dov et al. 2006) (AQIS 1998a)
|
No
(CABI/EPPO 2007b)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998b; Biosecurity Australia 2005b)
|
Likely
Nymphs and adults of L. japonica are found on leaves and also on the bark of branches and sometimes on fruit (CAB International 2008; CABI/EPPO 2007b).
Lopholeucaspis japonica was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRAs for ya pear from China and Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a; AQIS 1998b).
|
Yes
|
Lycorma delicat (White, 1845)
[Hemiptera: Fulgoridae]
|
plant hopper
|
Yes
(CHNZX-Farming 2008m)
|
No
(Fletcher and Watson 2003)
|
No
|
Unlikely
Adults and nymphs suck the sap of branches and leaves (CHNZX-Farming 2008m).
|
No
|
Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, 18437
[Hemiptera: Miridae]
|
mirid bug
|
Yes
(Wan et al. 2006)
|
No
(Cassis and Gross 1995)
|
No
|
Unlikely
This species is a fruit sap-sucking insect (Wan et al. 2006). However, nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005).
|
No
|
Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler, 1896)
[Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
|
common leafhopper
|
Yes
(Wan et al. 2006)
|
No
(Fletcher and Watson 2002)
|
No
|
Unlikely
This species is a fruit sap sucking insect (Wan et al. 2006). However, nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005).
|
No
|
Nezara antennata Scott, 1874
[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
|
green stink bug
|
Yes
In China
(JNGPC 2008)
On apple (AQIS 1998a)
|
No
(Cassis and Gross 2002)
|
Yes
(AQIS 1998a)
|
Unlikely
This species is a sap-sucking insect and feeds on leaves and fruit. Nymphs and adults are unlikely to remain on the fruit when disturbed during harvesting and packing house processes (AQSIQ 2005).
Nezara antennata was assessed as associated with fruit in the IRA for Fuji apples from Japan (AQIS 1998a). However, as explained above, it will not be likely on pathway.
|
No
|
|
|
