Draft report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico

Draft report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico

January 2016

© Commonwealth of Australia 2016

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Cataloguing data

Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2016, Draft report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra.

This publication is available at agriculture.gov.au.

Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources

GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601

Switchboard: [phone] or 1800 900 090

Facsimile: [phone]

Email: [e-mail]

Liability

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence and for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Stakeholder submissions on draft reports

This draft report has been issued to give all interested parties an opportunity to comment on relevant technical biosecurity issues, with supporting rationale. A final report will then be produced taking into consideration any comments received.

Submissions should be sent to the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources following the conditions specified within the related Biosecurity Advice, which is available at: agriculture.gov.au/ba/memos

Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations viii

Summary 1

Introduction 3

1.1 Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 3

1.2 This import risk analysis 3

Method for pest risk analysis 6

1.3 Stage 1 Initiation 6

1.4 Stage 2 Pest risk assessment 7

1.5 Stage 3 Pest risk management 14

Sonora’s commercial production practices for table grapes 16

1.6 Assumptions used in estimating unrestricted risk 16

1.7 Climate in production areas 16

1.8 Pre-harvest 19

1.9 Harvesting and handling procedures 24

1.10 Post-harvest 26

1.11 Export capability 32

Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 34

1.12 Harlequin ladybird 37

1.13 Fruit flies 38

1.14 Spotted wing drosophila 39

1.15 Grapevine phylloxera 41

1.16 Plant bugs 42

1.17 European fruit lecanium 43

1.18 Mealybugs 44

1.19 Citrus peelminer 45

1.20 Omnivorous leafroller 46

1.21 Thrips 47

1.22 Kanzawa spider mite 48

1.23 Black rot 49

1.24 Grapevine leaf rust 50

1.25 Phomopsis cane and leaf spot 51

1.26 Pest risk assessment conclusions 52

Pest risk management 55

1.27 Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures 55

1.28 Operational system for the maintenance and verification of phytosanitary status. 64

1.29 Uncategorised pests 67

1.30 Review of processes 67

1.31 Meeting Australia’s food standards 68

Conclusion 69

Appendix A Initiation and categorisation for pests of fresh table grapes from Sonora, Mexico 70

Appendix B Biosecurity framework 133

Glossary 138

Figures

Figure 1 Diagram of grapes vii

Figure 2 Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall in the main table grape producing municipalities of Sonora 18

Figure 3 Black Seedless 19

Figure 4 Flame Seedless 20

Figure 5 Sugarone 20

Figure 6 Perlette 21

Figure 7 Red Globe 21

Figure 8 Y-trellis system 22

Figure 9 Picker harvesting table grape bunches 24

Figure 10 Field packing of grapes at the end of the row 25

Figure 11 Stacks of field packed grapes awaiting collection 25

Figure 12 Plastic tubs of table grapes awaiting collection to be packed in the packing house 26

Figure 13 External view of a packing house for field packed grapes 27

Figure 14 Boxes of field packed grapes arriving at the packing house 27

Figure 15 Inside a packing house for field packed grapes 27

Figure 16 Tubs of grapes arriving at the packing house for packing 28

Figure 17 Packing house for packing house packed grapes 28

Figure 18 Packing line in a packing house 28

Figure 19 Cold store facility adjacent to a packing house 29

Figure 20 Consignments of palletised table grapes in a cool room awaiting transport 29

Figure 21 Blank Mexican phytosanitary certificate 30

Figure 22 Summary of vineyard and post-harvest steps for table grapes grown in Sonora for export 31