The access to higher education is also low for girls as compared with boys. The GER being 12.12% for male and 8% for female.
Table 21 Access to Higher Education By Caste Group - 2000
Socio-Religious Group
Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER %) in Age Group 18-23 yrs: 1999-00
Total
Total Graduates
Total Higher
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
ST
6.04
5.07
5.55
7.19
5.71
6.43
SC
5.08
2.62
3.88
6.63
3.48
5.09
OBC
7.06
3.92
5.53
8.99
4.91
7.00
General
14.22
11.09
12.71
19.20
14.11
16.74
Total
9.21
6.34
7.81
12.12
8.00
10.10
Rural
ST
4.93
4.39
4.65
5.74
4.53
5.11
SC
3.85
1.27
2.57
5.07
1.70
3.40
OBC
4.62
1.82
3.24
5.88
2.27
4.10
General
8.82
5.01
6.93
11.79
6.19
9.01
Total
5.79
2.97
4.39
7.53
3.61
5.58
Urban
ST
13.68
10.22
11.97
17.08
14.56
15.83
SC
9.48
8.16
8.87
12.19
10.75
11.53
OBC
14.01
10.34
12.26
17.82
12.96
15.51
General
22.44
21.65
22.07
30.50
27.87
29.28
Total
17.53
15.55
16.60
23.28
19.99
21.74
Table 22
Access to Higher Education - Statewise - 2000 - Total
Gross Enrollment Ratio* (GER %) in Age Group 18-23 yrs: 1999-00**
STATES
Total Graduates
Total Higher Education***
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Andhra Pradesh
9.03
5.57
7.25
12.16
7.29
9.66
Arunachal Pradesh
3.98
0.41
2.22
4.29
0.51
2.42
Assam
9.37
7.11
8.28
10.81
7.88
9.40
Bihar
6.92
2.84
4.91
8.79
3.47
6.16
Goa
7.55
11.57
9.71
18.69
16.55
17.54
Gujarat
8.78
7.43
8.11
11.22
8.80
10.01
Haryana
8.55
6.81
7.73
11.14
8.69
9.99
Himachal Pradesh
11.78
11.41
11.58
16.85
13.84
15.22
Jammu & Kashmir
9.44
6.83
8.17
11.19
8.30
9.78
Karnataka
6.68
3.94
5.31
10.06
5.86
7.96
Kerala
12.46
15.54
14.05
15.56
20.43
18.08
Madhya Pradesh
9.28
8.94
9.12
11.00
9.91
10.48
Maharashtra
11.13
8.08
9.70
16.81
11.10
14.14
Manipur
11.00
9.06
10.05
14.59
12.53
13.58
Meghalaya
6.62
5.40
5.99
7.22
7.05
7.13
Mizoram
8.39
2.98
5.61
10.23
5.63
7.87
Nagaland
13.28
13.44
13.35
13.93
14.15
14.04
Orissa
9.20
4.29
6.71
11.55
4.94
8.21
Punjab
8.01
7.25
7.65
10.14
11.64
10.86
Rajasthan
8.93
5.62
7.36
10.99
6.48
8.85
Sikkim
4.98
1.31
3.25
7.39
2.36
5.01
Tamil Nadu
11.83
7.30
9.45
15.23
9.19
12.05
Tripura
7.16
3.08
5.24
7.85
3.84
5.97
Uttar Pradesh
9.83
5.10
7.58
12.60
6.29
9.59
West Bengal
6.45
2.97
4.68
8.69
3.98
6.30
A&N Island
4.28
10.43
7.56
4.33
11.04
7.91
Chandigarh
17.96
23.90
20.18
23.26
31.23
26.24
D&N Haveli
4.49
2.08
4.82
2.23
Daman & Diu
Delhi
13.74
20.27
16.38
19.73
23.26
21.16
Lakshadweep
0.00
0.57
0.34
0.00
0.57
0.34
Pondicherry
15.67
7.90
11.81
18.81
11.90
15.37
India
9.22
6.30
7.79
12.13
7.94
10.08
Note: *GER= Total grads and diploma enrolled / population in 18-23 age group
**These include only those enrolled who have attained higher secondary and above education.
*** Degree +Diploma
Table 23 Economic Status and Net and Gross Enrolment Ratios: All India
GER and Estimated Number of Enrolled Persons by Social Groups
(1999-2000, Sector)
Gross Enrollment Ratio
Poor
Social Group
Rural
Urban
Total
ST
1.11
4.78
1.55
SC
1.35
3.86
1.89
OBC
1.13
5.16
2.30
OTHERS
1.66
7.00
3.58
All
1.30
5.51
2.43
Non Poor
ST
7.81
23.19
9.70
SC
4.38
15.71
6.68
OBC
5.10
19.98
8.69
OTHERS
10.74
34.01
19.73
All
7.12
27.15
12.81
Entire Population
ST
5.12
15.87
6.43
SC
3.38
11.55
5.08
OBC
4.10
15.53
7.00
OTHERS
9.00
29.28
16.74
All
5.58
21.75
10.10
Source: Special tabulation by the authors using Note: Gross Enrollment Ratios have been calculated 18-23 year olds who have completed higher secondary.
Table 24
GER for 18-23 age Group by Household Type in
Rural and Urban Sectors (1999-2000)
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Rural
Self Employed in Non Agriculture
2.53
3.77
3.97
7.73
5.17
Agricultural Labour
0.67
1.63
1.16
1.93
1.41
Other Labour
0.91
1.52
4.26
4.02
2.99
Self Employed in Agriculture
3.04
3.95
4.21
8.33
5.64
Others
35.39
14.15
11.54
22.08
18.55
All
5.12
3.38
4.10
9.00
5.58
Urban
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Self Employed
6.15
7.37
10.05
22.09
15.74
Regular wage and Salary
27.33
18.04
22.19
33.72
28.10
Casual Labour
1.53
2.61
3.34
4.30
3.26
Others
40.38
29.52
41.57
59.60
50.15
All
15.87
11.55
15.53
29.28
21.75
Table 25 `
GER for 18-23 age Group by Household Type in Rural and Urban Sectors
for the Poor households (1999-2000)
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Rural
Self Employed in Non Agriculture
2.38
0.02
1.08
1.64
1.43
Agricultural Labour
0.91
0.01
0.47
0.93
0.86
Other Labour
0.00
0.00
0.52
1.08
0.37
Self Employed in Agriculture
1.31
0.02
1.56
2.11
1.78
Others
2.06
0.02
3.46
3.27
2.98
All
1.11
0.01
1.13
1.66
1.30
Urban
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Self Employed
2.45
3.75
4.46
5.35
4.59
Regular wage and Salary
14.38
5.57
7.83
10.17
8.60
Casual Labour
1.93
2.61
2.70
1.80
2.38
Others
14.23
8.46
10.54
20.15
14.39
All
4.78
3.86
5.16
7.00
5.51
Table 26
GER for 18-23 age Group by Household Type in
Rural and Urban Sectors for the Non-poor households (1999-2000)
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Rural
Self Employed in Non Agriculture
2.61
4.47
4.95
9.31
6.34
Agricultural Labour
0.41
1.96
1.54
2.56
1.77
Other Labour
1.39
2.14
5.37
4.86
3.90
Self Employed in Agriculture
4.06
4.63
4.94
9.36
6.68
Others
42.21
17.10
12.96
24.24
21.09
All
7.81
4.38
5.10
10.74
7.12
Urban
HH Type
ST
SC
OBC
OTH
All
Self Employed
9.25
9.58
12.69
26.19
19.82
Regular wage and Salary
30.21
21.54
26.13
36.99
31.91
Casual Labour
0.66
2.61
3.92
6.43
4.17
Others
47.40
34.03
49.83
64.59
56.63
All
23.19
15.71
19.98
34.01
27.15
Table 27
GER for 18-23 age Group for Rural Households by
Cultivated Land-holding size and Social Group (1999-2000)
