| | |
Impacts
|
close to
|
Corresponding impact(s) from the action (Table 1)
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
1
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Acidification
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
*
|
*
|
**
|
*
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Direct ecotoxicity
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Eutrophication
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
***
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Habitat fragmentation for biota
|
12, 19
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Hydraulic changes
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
***
|
*
|
*
|
|
*
|
R?
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Land take, landuse
|
20?
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Light pollution
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
***
|
|
**
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Loss of biodiversity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
E
|
Ozone depletion: ecotoxicity
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
10
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Photochemical pollution: ecotoxicity
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
11
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: ecosystems
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Wild life protected areas
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
5?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
R
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-renewable resource use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Traffic safety
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
15
|
**
|
*
|
**
|
|
**
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Waste
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: agriculture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
M
|
|
Hydraulic risk
|
18
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
**
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
M
|
|
Technological hazards
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Natural protected areas
|
4
|
|
2?
|
|
|
5?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Noise: scarcity of quiet areas
|
6?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Direct restricted health effects of air pollution
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Photochemical pollution: indirect restricted health effects
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: drinking water (water quality, uses and régime)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
***
|
|
|
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Noise: high spots
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
E
|
Ozone depletion: indirect restricted health effects
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13?
|
|
26
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Habitat fragmentation for humans
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
**
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Odour (sensitive pollution)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
*
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soiling (sensitive pollution)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
*
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Visibility (sensitive pollution)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
30
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: outdoor recreation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Visual qualities of landscape/townscape
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
M
|
|
Vibration
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Degradation of common man-made heritage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Degradation of historic man-made heritage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Destruction of common man-made heritage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Destruction of historic man-made heritage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
Greenhouse effect
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
**
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
Dimming
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can propose a more completed aggregation of impacts (see Table 12), based on usual aggregations we can find in the literature. Such 15 aggregated impacts are more understandable than the 38 ones, but are often heterogeneous in terms of targets and more generally chains of impacts, and therefore less useful for the COST action.
| | |
Detailed impacts
|
Aggregated impacts
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
24
|
|
|
|
***
|
|
|
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Noise: high spots
|
A
|
Noise and vibration
|
20
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Noise: scarcity of quiet areas
|
32
|
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
M
|
|
Vibration
|
2
|
|
*
|
*
|
**
|
*
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Direct ecotoxicity
|
B
|
Local air quality
|
21
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Direct restricted health effects of air pollution
|
27
|
|
|
**
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Odour (sensitive pollution)
|
28
|
|
|
*
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soiling (sensitive pollution)
|
29
|
|
|
*
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Visibility (sensitive pollution)
|
1
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Acidification
|
C
|
Regional air quality
|
3
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Eutrophication
|
10
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Photochemical pollution: ecotoxicity
|
22
|
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Photochemical pollution: indirect restricted health effects
|
5
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Hydraulic changes
|
D
|
Quality, usages and regimes of water
|
17
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
M
|
|
Hydraulic risk
|
16
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: agriculture
|
23
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: drinking water (water quality, uses and régime)
|
11
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: ecosystems
|
30
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Soil and water pollution: outdoor recreation
|
4
|
***
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Habitat fragmentation for biota
|
E
|
Protected areas
|
19
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Natural protected areas
|
12
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Wild life protected areas
|
15
|
**
|
*
|
**
|
|
**
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
HWB
|
|
|
Waste
|
F
|
Waste
|
8
|
***
|
|
**
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Loss of biodiversity
|
G
|
Loss of biodiversity
|
7
|
**
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Light pollution
|
H
|
Light pollution
|
18
|
|
|
**
|
**
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
M
|
|
Technological hazards
|
I
|
Technological hazards
|
33
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Degradation of common man-made heritage
|
J
|
Landscape, cultural and built heritage
|
34
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Degradation of historic man-made heritage
|
35
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Destruction of common man-made heritage
|
36
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
M
|
|
Destruction of historic man-made heritage
|
26
|
***
|
|
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Habitat fragmentation for humans
|
31
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HWB
|
|
|
Visual qualities of landscape/townscape
|
6
|
***
|
*
|
*
|
|
*
|
R?
|
ES
|
|
|
|
|
Land take, landuse
|
K
|
Landuse
|
13
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
|
R
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-renewable resource use
|
L
|
Non-renewable resource use
|
9
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
ES
|
|
|
|
E
|
Ozone depletion: ecotoxicity
|
M
|
Ozone depletion
|
25
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
HH
|
|
|
E
|
Ozone depletion: indirect restricted health effects
|
37
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
***
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
Greenhouse effect
|
N
|
Climate change
|
38
|
|
|
**
|
***
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
Dimming
|
14
|
|
|
|
***
|
|
|
ES
|
HH
|
|
|
|
Traffic safety
|
O
|
Safety of transport users and residents
|