Education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages english language the first faculty

To have + Infinitive.

The modal expression to have-\- Infinitive is used in three tense forms: the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite and the Future Indefinite.

I have to get up at six every day. Men har kuni ertalab oltida turishim kerak.

When water was rushing through the tents and everybody had to sleep in wet blankets, it was «treated as a joke. (Prichard) 1 shall have to take the pupils into the hills, as usual, and see them settled there. (Voynich)
Chapter III. Aspects of teaching the synonomy grammatical forms to advanced level learners

3.1Structures of presenting the material on modal verbs and the mood forms

I want to explain in simple terms the difference between mood and modality. I would like to explain how it occurs in our everyday language. The text I have consulted speaks in a tongue beyond my understanding. Can you please explain the difference in simple terms?

'Mood' and 'modality' are different components of grammar, but they're related in origin and to some extent in meaning.

The using word 'modal' is, in origin, connected with the mode, manner, or fashion of doing something, rather than the substance. But from the 16th century onwards, it was used in logic and philosophy to refer to propositions involving the affirmation of possibility and impossibility, existence and non-existence, contingency and necessity, and this is the meaning that has been taken into grammar.

'Mood', as used in grammar, is also derived from 'mode', but at some stage the vowel changed by association with the completely different word 'mood', meaning a state of mind (e.g. a good/bad mood).

If we wanted to make a very broad distinction between different kinds of meanings we express in language, we could say that the sentence:

We met at the pub expresses a straightforward fact objectively, whereas sentences like these: Meet me at the pub

When did we meet at the pub?

Shall we meet at the pub?

We must have met at the pub

I could meet you at the pub, if you like

If we met at the pub, we could have a chat about things

Are basically 'about' the same thing, but show the speaker (or writer, of course) taking different approaches towards it. We find out about the speaker's attitude towards, or perception of, an event which may or may not take place, or have taken place. Mood and modality are both concerned, in their different ways, with this distinction between objective statement and speaker-centeredness.

Mood

Starting with mood. Descriptions of English grammar usually recognize up to four 'moods':

1. 
   declarative (or indicative)
   
2. 
   interrogative
   
3. 
   imperative
   
4. 
   subjunctive
   

Sometimes 'indicative' is used to include declarative (statements) and interrogative (questions). (Some languages have other 'moods', apart from these three or four.)