En-glish pho-net-ics



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PLOSIVES (STOPS)

1

/b/

Bir

Back


/bir/

/bæk/

2

/p/

Paket

Panel


/pɑket/

/ˈpænəl/

3

/d/

Dergi

Desk


/dergi/

/desk/

4

/t/

Terzi

Turn


/terzi/

/tɜːrn/

5

/g/

Geri

Give


/geri/

/gɪv/

6

/k/

Kiraz

Key


/kirɑz/

/kiː/


FRICATIVES

7

/f/

Fikir

Friend


/fikir/

/frend/

8

/v/

Var

Voice


/vɑr/

/vɔɪs/

9

/θ/ = /th/

Fethiye

Think


/feθije/

/θɪŋk/

10

/ð/ = /dh/

Methetmek

This


/meðetmek/

/ðɪs/

11

/s/

Sat

Sea


/sɑt/

/siː/

12

/z/

Zaman

Zoo


/zɑmɑn/

/zuː/

13

/ʃ/

Şeker

Ship


/ʃeker/

/ʃɪp/

14

/ʒ/

Jest

Vision


/ʒest/

/ˈvɪʒən/

AFFRICATES

15

/dʒ/

Cadde

Job


/dʒɑdde/

/dʒɒb/

16

/tʃ/

Çaba

Teacher


/tʃɑbɑ/

/ˈtiːtʃər/

SONORANTS

17

/m/

Mağaza

Mineral


/mɑːzɑ/

/ˈmɪnərəl/

18

/n/

Nasıl

News


/nɑsəl/

/njuːz/

19

/ŋ/

Ankara

Sing


/ɑŋkɑrɑ/

/sɪŋ/

20

/h/

Herkes

Half


/herkez/

/hɑːf/

21

/l/

Laf

Listen


/læf/

/ˈlɪsən/

22

/r/

Renk

Read


/reŋk/

/riːd/

23

/w/

Vur

Well


/wʊr/

/wel/

24

/j/

Yer

Yellow


/jer/

/ˈjeləʊ/

NOTE:

*Fricatives (continuants) are longer than plosives (stops).

VOWEL LETTERS / SOUNDS MATCH
SHORT PHONEMES

e

/e/

Red

/red/

a

/æ/

Hand

/hænd/

i

/ɪ/

Kiss

/kɪs/

unstressed

/ə/

Brother

/ˈbrʌðəʳ/

u

/ʌ/

Sun

/sʌn/

u

oo


/ʊ/

Bush

Look


/bʊʃ/

/lʊk/

o

/ɒ/

Lost

/lɒst/


LONG PHONEMES

ee

ea


/iː/

Keep

Beach


/kiːp/

/biːtʃ/

er

ir

ur



/ɜː/

Turkey

Skirt


Person

/ˈtɜːʳki/

/skɜːʳt/

/ˈpɜːʳsən/

ar

/ɑː/

Car

/kɑːʳ/

oo

ew


/uː/

School

Flew


/skuːl/

/fluː/

or

al

aw



/ɔː/

Born

Talk


Saw

/bɔːʳn/

/tɔːk/

/sɔː/




y

/i/

dirty

/ˈdɜːʳti/

u(a)

/u/

usually

/ˈjuːʒuəli/



DIPH-THONGS

eer

ere


ear

/ɪə/

Beer

Here


Near

/bɪəʳ/ /hɪəʳ/

/nɪəʳ/

ur

/ʊə/

Sure

Tour


/ʃʊəʳ/ /tʊəʳ/

air

are


/eə/

Hair

Share


/heəʳ/

/ʃeəʳ/ 

a-e

ai

ay



/eɪ/

Make

Train


Say

/meɪk/

/treɪn/

/seɪ/

oy

oi


/ɔɪ/

Boy

Noise


/bɔɪ/

/nɔɪz/

i-e

y

igh



/aɪ/

Bike

My


Night

/baɪk/

/maɪ/

/naɪt/

o-e

oa

o



o(l)

/əʊ/

Nose

Boat


Hello

Cold


/nəʊz/

/bəʊt/

/həˈləʊ/ /kəʊld/

ou

ow


/aʊ/

Shout

How


/ʃaʊt/

/haʊ/

NOTE:

SPELLING

PRONUNCIATION

Sing

/sɪŋ/

Singing

/ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

Singer

/ˈsɪŋər/

CONSONANT LETTERS / SOUNDS MATCH

VOICED = SOFT CONSONANTS

CONSONANT SPELLINGS

CONSONANT PHONEMES

WORDS

PRONUNCIATION

b

bb


/b/

Baby

Rabbit


/ˈbeɪbi/

/ˈræbɪt/

j

ge


/dʒ/

Jacket Language

/ˈdʒækət/

/ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ/

d

dd


/d/

Dad

Address


/dæd/

/əˈdres/

th

/ð/

That

/ðæt/

g

gg


/g/

Girl

Bigger


/gɜːʳl/

/ˈbɪgəʳ/

sion

sure


/ʒ/

Decision

Leisure


/dɪˈsɪʒən/

/ˈleʒəʳ/

l

ll


/l/

Leg

Killing


/leg/

/ˈkɪlɪŋ/

m

mm


/m/

My

Summer


/maɪ/

/ˈsʌməʳ/

n

nn


/n/

Nose

Dinner


/nəʊz/

/ˈdɪnəʳ/

ng

nk


/ŋ/

King

Thank


/kɪŋ/

/θæŋk/

r

rr


/r/

Right

Marry


/raɪt/

/ˈmæri/

v

/v/

Visit

/ˈvɪzɪt/

w

wh

u



/w/

Wait

What


Quite

/weɪt/

/wɒt/

/kwaɪt/

y

/j/

Year

/jɪəʳ/

z

/z/

Zoo

/zuː/

VOICELESS = HARD CONSONANTS


CONSONANT SPELLINGS

CONSONANT PHONEMES

EXAMPLE WORDS

PRONUNCIATION

ch

tch


ture

/tʃ/

Child

Match


Picture

/tʃaɪld/

/mætʃ/

/ˈpɪktʃəʳ/

f

ff

ph



/f/

Flower

Different Phonetic



/ˈflaʊəʳ/

/ˈdɪfərənt/

/fəˈnetɪk/

h

/h/

House

/haʊs/

c

k

ck



q

/k/

Cat

Skirt


Nick

Quiz


/kæt/

/skɜːʳt/

/nɪk/

/kwɪz/

p

pp


/p/

Pen

Apple


/pen/

/ˈæpəl/

s

ss

ci



ce

/s/

Fast

Kissing


Cinema

Ice


/fɑːst/

/ˈkɪsɪŋ/

/ˈsɪnɪmə/

/aɪs/

sh

tion


/ʃ/

She

Action


/ʃiː/

/ˈækʃən/

t

tt


/t/

Tell

Cutting


/tel/

/ˈkʌtɪŋ/

th

/θ/

Math

/mæθ/


NOTE:


IN ENGLISH, THERE IS ONLY ONE STRONG VOWEL IN A WORD.

PHONEMIC HARMONY = ONE STRONG SOUND + WEAK(S) SOUND

TEACHING SOUND - SPELLING RELATIONSHIPS
A phonogram is a letter or combination of letters that represent a sound.


a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

q

p

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z






















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