NEGATIVE SENTENCES
He doesn’t like sitting at a cafe.
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/hɪ ˈdʌznt laɪk ˈsɪtɪŋ-ət-ə ˈkæfeɪ/
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He won’t be able to cook.
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/hi wəʊnt bɪ ˈeɪbl tə kʊk/
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His friends didn’t visit me.
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/hɪz frendz ˈdɪdnt ˈvɪzɪt mi/
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His friends won’t visit me.
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/hɪz frendz wəʊnt ˈvɪzɪt mi/
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I can’t stand that boy.
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/aɪ kɑːnt stænd ðæt bɔɪ/
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She hadn’t written her book.
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/ʃi ˈhædnt ˈrɪtn-ər bʊk/
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She hasn’t written her book.
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/ʃi ˈhæzənt ˈrɪtn-ər bʊk/
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She won’t have written her book.
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/ʃi wəʊnt-əv ˈrɪtn-ər bʊk/
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They aren’t living in Turkey.
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/ðeɪy ˈɑːrənt ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn tɜːʳki/
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They didn’t use to smoke.
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/ðeɪ ˈdɪdnt juːs tə sməʊk/
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They hadn’t been playing it.
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/ðeɪ ˈhædnt bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ-ɪt/
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They haven’t been playing it.
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/ðeɪ ˈhævənt bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ-ɪt/
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They won’t have been playing it.
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/ðeɪ wəʊnt-əv bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ-ɪt/
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We mustn’t play in the class.
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/wi ˈmʌsənt pleɪy-ɪn ðə klɑːs/
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You mustn’t cheat in the exam.
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/jʊ ˈmʌsənt tʃiːt-ɪn ðiy ɪgˈzæm/
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You shouldn’t come late.
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/jʊ ˈʃʊdnt kʌm leɪt/
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QUESTION WORDS
Can you describe yourself?
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/kən jə dɪsˈkraɪb jərˈself/
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Did she use to visit him?
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/dɪd ʃi juːs tʊ ˈvɪzɪt-ɪm/
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Did you wear that dress?
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/dɪd jə weər ðæt dres/
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Do you like flying?
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/djə laɪk ˈflaɪɪŋ/
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Do you like this one or that one?
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/djə laɪk ðɪs wʌn ɔːr ðæt wʌn/
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How do you spell it?
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/haʊ djə spel-ɪt/
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How high is the building?
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/haʊ haɪy-əz ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ/
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How long hasn’t she gone there?
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/haʊ lɒŋ ˈhæzənt ʃi gɒn ðeər/
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How long have you been talking?
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/haʊ loŋ-əv jʊ bɪn ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
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How many books will you read?
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/haʊ ˈmeni bʊks wɪl jə riːd/
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How many hours is she waiting?
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/haʊ ˈmeni ˈaʊəz-əz ʃi ˈweɪtɪŋ/
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How much money have you got?
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/haʊ mʌtʃ ˈmʌniy-əv jə gɒt/
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How old are you?
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/haʊ əʊld-ər jʊ/
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How well do you know it?
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/haʊ wel djə nəʊw ɪt/
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Is he as old as her?
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/ɪz-iy-əz əʊld əz-ər/
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What are you going to do here?
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/wɒt-ər jə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə duː hɪər/
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What are you looking at?
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/wɒt-ər jə ˈlʊkɪŋ-æt/
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What are you looking at?
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/wɒt-ər jə ˈlʊkɪŋ-æt/
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What books will you read?
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/wɒt bʊks wɪl jə riːd/
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What does she do?
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/wɒt dəz ʃi duː/
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What should I do?
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/wɒt ʃəd-aɪ duː/
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What time was it?
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/wɒt taɪm wəz-ɪt/
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What’s the book about?
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/wɒts ðə bʊk-əˈbaʊt/
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What’s your name?
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/wɒts jər neɪm/
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What's your favourite drink?
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/wɒts jər ˈfeɪvərɪt drɪŋk/
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When are you coming back?
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/wen-ər jə ˈkʌmɪŋ bæk/
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When are you going?
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/wen-ər jə ˈgəʊɪŋ/
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When didn’t you study?
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/wen ˈdɪdnt jəˈstʌdi/
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When is she coming back?
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/wenz ʃi ˈkʌmɪŋ bæk/
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When were the books stolen?
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/wen wər ðə bʊks ˈstəʊlən/
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Where are you from?
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/weər-ər jə frɒm/
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Where did you stay at?
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/weər dɪd jə steɪy-æt/
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Where did you stay?
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/weər dɪd jə steɪ/
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Where is he going to speak?
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/weərz hi ˈgəʊɪŋ tə spiːk/
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Which clothes were they selling?
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/wɪtʃ kləʊz wəʳ ðeɪ ˈselɪŋ/
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Which languages do you speak?
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/wɪtʃ ˈlæŋgwɪdʒəz djə spiːk/
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Who came to my house?
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/huː keɪm tə maɪ haʊs/
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Who did he go with?
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/huː dɪd-i gəʊ wɪð/
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Who helps with my homework?
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/huː helps wɪð maɪ ˈhəʊmwɜːʳk/
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Whom will you help?
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/huːm wɪl jə help/
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Whose teacher is coming back?
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/huːz ˈtiːtʃərz ˈkʌmɪŋ bæk/
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Does she work at the hospital? Yes, she does.
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/dəz ʃi wɜːrk-ət ðə ˈhɒspɪtəl/
/jes ʃi dʌz/
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Can he go out? Yes, he can.
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/kən hi gəʊw aʊt/
/jes hi kæn/
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Was it here? Yes, it was.
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/wəz-ɪt hɪər/ /jes ɪt wɒz/
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Were there any books? Yes, there were.
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/wəʳ ðeər eni bʊks/
/jes ðeəʳ wɜːʳ/
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Do you like it? Yes, I do.
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/djə laɪk-ɪt/
/jes aɪ duː/
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Could he write and read? Yes, he could.
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/kəd hi raɪt-ən riːd/ /jes, hi kʊd/
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Are there any students? Yes, there are.
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/ər ðeər eni ˈstuːdənts/
/jes ðeər ɑːʳ/
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Have you got a car? Yes, I have.
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/həv jə gɒt-ə kaːʳ/
/jes aɪ hæv/
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Has she got an apple? Yes, she has.
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/həz ʃi gɒt-ən ˈæpəl/
/jes ʃi hæz/
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Are you listening to the music?
Yes, I am.
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/ər jə ˈlɪsnɪŋ tə ðə ˈmjuːzɪk/
/jes aɪy æm/
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Were they playing the guitar? Yes, they were.
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/wəʳ ðeɪ ˈpleɪɪŋ ðə ˈgɪtɑːʳ/ /jes ðeɪ wɜːr/
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Have you met her? Yes, I have.
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/həv jə met-ər/
/jes aɪ hæv/
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Has she helped him? Yes, she has.
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/həz ʃi helpt-ɪm/ /jes ʃi hæz/
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Has she been to London? Yes, she has been to London.
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/hæz ʃi bɪn tə ˈlʌndən/ /jes ʃiy-əz bɪn tə ˈlʌndən/
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Have you been to İstanbul? No, I haven’t been to İstanbul.
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/hæv jə bɪn tʊ isˈtɑnbul/ /nəʊ aɪ ˈhævənt bɪn tʊ isˈtɑnbul/
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I don’t study. Neither does she.
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/aɪ dəʊnt ˈstʌdi/ /ˈnaɪðər dəz ʃi/
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She’s bored. So is he.
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/ʃiz bɔːʳd/ /səʊw əz hi/
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Would you like to meet him? No, I wouldn’t.
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/wəd jə laɪk tə miːt-ɪm/ /nəʊw aɪ ˈwʊdnt/
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PHONETIC SPELLING
/ðə ˈflaʊrz-ər ˈbɪɪŋ ˈwɔːtəʳd baɪ ðə ˈgɑːʳdənəʳ naʊ/
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/ðə θiːvz ˈwɜːrənt ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ðə pəˈliːs/
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/ðə ˈletəʳ ˈhædnt bɪn ˈrɪtn bayəʳ ˈfɑːðəʳ/
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/ʃiz ðə məʊst-ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt stjuːdənt aɪv ˈevəʳ met/
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/ʃiz ˈtɔːkɪŋ tə ðə ˈhelpfəl ˈwɜːʳkəʳz/
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/ɪts ðə ˈtʃiːpɪst həʊˈtel aɪv ˈevəʳ steɪd-æt/
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/maɪ haʊs ˈhæzn bɪn ˈpeɪntɪd sɪns aɪ muːvd/
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/ðə mætʃ wɪl bi pleɪd ɪf-ɪt ˈdʌznt snəʊ/
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/ðeɪ dəʊnt hæv tə gəʊ tə ðə skuːl ɒn ˈsʌndeɪz/
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/ðeɪ wə ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul wen aɪ hædnt ˈæksɪdənt/
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/ðeɪ wəʳ ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔːl səʊ ɪt wəz ˈdɪfɪkəlt tə hɪər mi/
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/ðeɪ ˈwɜːrən ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul wen aɪ hædnt ˈæksɪdənt/
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/ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul wen ðə wɔː bɪˈgɪnz/
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/ðeɪ wəʊnt bi ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul wen ðə wɔː bɪˈgɪnz/
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/ðəʊz ˈhaʊz-ɪz wəʳ ˈpeɪntɪd baɪ maɪ ˈfɑːðəʳ/
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/aɪv bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔːl fəʳ tuː mʌnθs/
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/ɪf jʊ-wəd keɪm aɪ wəd-əv bɪn ˈveri ˈhæpi/
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/ɪf wɪ dɪd səm ˈriːdɪŋ wɪd bi ˈbetəʳ/
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/ɪf ðə bʊkəd bɪn ˈtʃiːpəʳ ʃɪ wəd-əv bɔːt-ɪt/
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/ðə kɑːʳ wɪl bi rɪˈpeəʳd baɪ ðə məˈkænɪk ɪn ði ˈiːvnɪŋ/
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/ɪf-aɪ wəʳ ju aɪ ˈwʊdnt gəʊ tʊ ˈɑŋkɑrɑ/
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/ɪf-ɪt ˈwʌzn ˈwɪndi wɪd hæv-ə ˈpɪknɪk/
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/ɪf ʃi ˈstʌdɪd hɑːʳd ʃɪ wəd pɑːs ði ɪgˈzæm/
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/haʊ lɒŋəz ʃi bɪn ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
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/haʊw ˈɒfən dɪd ʃi gəʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnɪmə/
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/aɪy-əv bɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn ˈtɜːʳki sɪns ˈeɪprəl/
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/aɪm ˈbɔːʳd bət aɪ hæv tu duː maɪ ˈhəʊmwɜːʳk/
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/hɪz frendz dəʊnt ˈvɪzɪt mɪ ɒn ˈsʌndeɪ/
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/hɪ ˈwʊdnt-əv ˈiːtən ɪf hɪ ˈhædnt kʌm/
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/ˈɪŋglɪʃ-əz ˈspəʊkən ɔːl ˈəʊvər ðə wɜːʳld/
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/ər jəˈgəʊɪŋ tə ðə ˈsɪnɪmə ɒn ˈsætədeɪ naɪt/
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/həv jə gɒt-ə ˈgɜːrlfrend ɔːr-ə ˈbɔɪfrend/
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/wɒt djə laɪk ˈduːɪŋ-ɪn jər friː taɪm/
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/jəv bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fər mi ˈtwenti ˈmɪnɪts/
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/kən jə raɪd-ə ˈbaɪsɪkl/
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/kən hi pleɪy-ən ˈɪnstrəmənt/
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/wɒts jər dʒɒb/
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/weərz ʃi frɒm/
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/wɒts-ɪz neɪm/
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ASSIMILATION
*ASSIMILATION = PHONEMIC CHANGES helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand PHONEMIC CHANGES = SOUND CHANGES in order to improve your listening and speaking skills. They are called ‘CHANGING SOUNDS’.
/t/ CHANGES to
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/p/
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BEFORE /m/, /b/, /p/
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/t/ CHANGES to
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/k/
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BEFORE /k/, /g/
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/d/ CHANGES to
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/b/
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BEFORE /m/, /b/, /p/
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/d/ CHANGES to
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/g/
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BEFORE /k/, /g/
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/n/ CHANGES to
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/m/
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BEFORE /m/, /b/, /p/
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/n/ CHANGES to
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/ŋ/
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BEFORE /k/, /g/
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/s/ CHANGES to
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/ʃ/
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BEFORE /ʃ/, /j/
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/z/ CHANGES to
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/ʒ/
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BEFORE /ʃ/, /j/
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/θ/ CHANGES to
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/s/
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BEFORE /s/
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-Have to study /hæf tə stʌdi/ /v/ changes to /f/ before /t/
-What do you do? /wɒt dʒʊ duː/ /dj/ changes to /dʒ/
-Don't you know? /dəʊn tʃə nəʊ/ /tj/ changes to /tʃ/
/t/ changes to /p/ before /m/, /b/, /p/
-Best man /besP mæn/
-Great Britain /greɪP ˈbrɪtən/
-Pocket money /ˈpɒkɪP mʌni/
-Sit back /sɪP bæk/
-Sweet pepper /swiːP ˈpepəʳ/
-That man /thæP mæn/
-White meat /waɪP miːt/
/t/ changes to /k/ before /k/, /g/
-Credit card /ˈkredɪK kɑːʳd/
-Fat girl /fæK gɜːʳl/
-First class /fɜːʳsK klɑːs/
-That key /thæk kiː/
/d/ changes to /b/ before /m/, /b/, /p/
-Bad pain /bæB peɪn/
-Closed book /kləʊzB bʊk/
-Gold medal /gəʊlB ˈmedl/
-Good morning /gʊB ˈmɔːʳnɪŋ/
-Old boy /əʊlB bɔɪ/
-Second plan /ˈsekənB plæn/
-Stand by /stænB baɪ/
/d/ changes to /g/ before /k/, /g/
-Bad girl /bæG gɜːʳl/
-Good cook /gʊG kʊk/
-Red carpet /reG ˈkɑːʳpɪt/
-Sand castle /sænGˈ kæsəl/
-Second class /ˈsekənG klɑːs/
/n/ changes to /m/ before /m/, /b/, /p/
-Garden party /ˈgɑːʳdəM pɑːʳti/
-Green bean /griːM biːn/
-One pair /wʌM peəʳ/
-Open book /ˈəʊpəM bʊk/
-Sun bath /sʌM bæθ/
/n/ changes to /ŋ/ before /k/, /g/
-Action group /ˈækʃəŊ gruːp/
-Clean canal /kliːŊ kəˈnæl/
-Roman calendar /rəʊməŊ ˈkælɪndəʳ/
/s/ changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/, /j/
-Dress shop /dreʃ ʃɒp/
-Nice shoes /naɪʃ ʃuːz/
-Nice yacht /naɪʃ jɒt/
-Nice year /naɪʃ jɪər/
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