En-glish pho-net-ics

THE LETTER “y” = SHORT /ɪ/ SOUND
* ‘y’ as a vowel sound = mid and final sound.

* ‘y’ is a vowel when it is the middle or last letter of a syllable or word.

* ‘y’ is a consonant sound when it is the first letter of a syllable or word.
*If you keep/ɪ/ sound very short, /j/ = /ɪ/ sound.  */j/ sound is close to /ɪ/ sound. They are very similar.
/jes/ = /ɪes/ /jʌŋ/ = /ɪʌŋ/ /juː/ = /ɪuː/
Letters Sounds

-buy              /baɪ/

-cry            /kraɪ/

-deny         /dɪ'naɪ/

-dry              /draɪ/

-fry             /fraɪ/

-guy             /gaɪ/

-my               /maɪ/

-rely             /rɪlaɪ/

-reply           /rɪ'plaɪ/

-satisfy       /'sætɪsfaɪ/ /'sætəsfaɪ/

-shy              /ʃaɪ/

-sky              /skaɪ/

-why             /waɪ/

-away       /əweɪ/

-bay          /beɪ/

-day           /deɪ/

-lay           /leɪ/

-may          /meɪ/

-monday /'mʌndi/ /'mʌndeɪ/

-pay       /peɪ/

-play         /pleɪ/

-say           /seɪ/

-stay        /steɪ/

-way          /weɪ/

-annoy            /ə'nɔɪ/

-boy                 /bɔɪ/

-coy                  /kɔɪ/

-destroy           /dɪ'strɔɪ/

-employ            /ɪm'plɔɪ/

-enjoy               /ɪn'dʒɔɪ/

-joy                  /dʒɔɪ/

-Joyce             /dʒɔɪs/

-Roy                  /rɔɪ/

-toy                  /tɔɪ/
-antonym /ˈæntənɪm/

-cycle   /ˈsaɪkəl/

-dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/

-syllable     /ˈsɪləbəl/

-symbol     /ˈsɪmbəl/

-sympathetic  /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/

-symptom   /ˈsɪmptəm/

-synonym   /ˈsɪnənɪm/

-syntax       /ˈsɪntæks/

-system       /ˈsɪstɪm/ /ˈsɪstəm/

NOTE:

CONTENT WORDS	EXAMPLES
NOUNS	CLASS, SCHOOL, HOME, TAble, comPUter...
MAIN VERBS	GO, COME, acCEPT, MEETing, adVISE, arRIVE...
ADJECTIVES	EASy, BORing, DIFficult, exPENsive, HEAVy...
ADVERBS	aBOUT, aGAIN, BADly, HARDly, MUCH...
WH-WORDS	WHEN, WHY, WHO, WHOSE, WHERE, WHOM...
NEGATIVES	DON’T, CAN’T, AREN’T, COULDN’T, DOESN’T...
INTERJETIONS	YES!, WOW!, OH!, LOOK OUT!, OW!...

SYLLABLE STRESS	SCHWA /ə/ /ɪ/
WORD STRESS	SCHWA /ə/ /ɪ/
SENTENCE STRESS	SCHWA /ə/ /ɪ/

PHONEMIC (SOUND) AWARENESS
ENGLISH	TURKISH
ELISION, OMISSION	SES DÜŞMESİ = YİTİMİ
ASSIMILATION	SES BENZEŞMESİ
INTRUSION	KAYNAŞTIRMA = SES TÜREMESİ
LINKING	ULAMA

Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry the meaning or sense.

If you remove the content words from a sentence, you will not understand the sentence. The sentence has no sense or meaning. (www.englishclub.com)

Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that make the sentence correct grammatically. They give the sentence its correct form or "structure".

If you remove the structure words from a sentence, you will probably still understand the sentence. (www.englishclub.com)

C

DIPH – THONGS

TRIPH - THONGS

FRONT = PALATAL	/aɪ/ /aʊ/	House /haʊs/
		Like /laɪk/
BACK = VELAR	/ɑ/	Cɑr /kɑː^r/
		Gɑrden /ˈgɑː^rdn/

THERE ARE TWO BASIC KINDS OF PHONICS INSTRUCTION

The Synthetic Phonics Approach /s-t-r-e-e-t/

The Analytic phonics Approach /str-ee-t/

/ɚ/	The Schwa /ə/ + /r/

‘PHONICS first, SYLLABLES always’

INTONATION

In Wh-questions, the intonation (voice) goes down at the end.

In Yes-No questions, the intonation (voice) goes up at the end.

In statements and commands, the intonation goes down at the end.

Demonstrative pronouns (this, these, that, those) are STRESSED words in sentences.

DIPH-THONG /eɪ/ SOUND
APPOXIMATE ISTANBUL TURKISH :

English DIPH-THONGS are SHORTER than Turkish DIPH-THONGS.

Bey  /bɛi/ Eğlen /ɛilɛn/ Çeyrek  /tʃɛirɛk/ Şey /ʃɛi/

*A glide from /e/ to /ɪ/.
The letters ‘a + e’ = the sound /eɪ/ = /e^y/
Spelling Pronunciation

-bake        /beɪk/

-brave       /breɪv/

-cake    /keɪk/

-came     /keɪm/

-case         /keɪs/

-change  /tʃeɪndʒ/

-date         /deɪt/

-face       /feɪs/

-female  /fiːmeɪl/ /fimeɪl/

-game     /geɪm/

-gave      /geɪv/

-lake       /leɪk/

-late        /leɪt/

-make   /meɪk/

-male    /meɪl/

-name   /neɪm/

-place     /pleɪs/

-plane    /pleɪn/

-plate     /pleɪt/

-safe       /seɪf/

-save      /seɪv/

-state     /steɪt/

-take      /teɪk/

-wake     /weɪk/ /ʊeɪk/

The letters ‘ay’ = the sound /eɪ/ = /e^y/
-away       /əˈweɪ/

-day           /deɪ/

-lay           /leɪ/

-may          /meɪ/

-pay       /peɪ/

-play         /pleɪ/

-say           /seɪ/

-stay        /steɪ/

-way          /weɪ/ /ʊeɪ/

 

  The letters ‘ai’ = the sound /eɪ/ = /e^y/

-afraid      /əˈfreɪd/

-again       /əˈgen/ /əˈgeɪn/

-brain       /breɪn/

-main         /meɪn/

-paint        /peɪnt/

-plain       /pleɪn/

-rain           /reɪn/

-straight  /streɪt/

-train         /treɪn/

-trait      /treɪt/

-wait          /weɪt/ /ʊeɪt/


DIPH-THONG /ɔɪ/ SOUND

APPOXIMATE ISTANBUL TURKISH :

English DIPH-THONGS are SHORTER than Turkish DIPH-THONGS.

Boy /bɔi/ Toy /tɔi/ Oy /ɔi/ Doymak /dɔimɑk/

*A glide from /ɒ/ or /ɔ/ to /ɪ/.
The letters ‘oi’ = the sound /ɔɪ/ = /ɔ^y/

Spelling Pronunciation    

-boil            /bɔɪl/   

-choice        /tʃɔɪs/                   

-coin            /kɔɪn/          

-join             /dʒɔɪn/        

-noise           /nɔɪz/           

-oil               /ɔɪl/                   

-point         /pɔɪnt/     

-soil            /sɔɪl/

-voice          /vɔɪs/

 

The letters ‘oy’ = the sound /ɔɪ/ = /ɔ^y/

Spelling Pronunciation

-annoy        /əˈnɔɪ/

-boy              /bɔɪ/

-coy               /kɔɪ/

-destroy           /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

-employ           /ɪmˈplɔɪ/

-enjoy           /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

-joy               /dʒɔɪ/

-toy              /tɔɪ/

DIPH-THONG /aɪ/ SOUND
APPOXIMATE ISTANBUL TURKISH :

English DIPH-THONGS are SHORTER than Turkish DIPH-THONGS.

Kolay  /kɔlɑi/ Ayna /ɑinɑ/ Say /sɑi/ Tay /tɑi/

*A glide from /æ/, /a/ or /ʌ/ to /ɪ/.

The letters ‘i + e’ = the sound /aɪ/ = /a^y/
Spelling Pronunciation

-advise       /ədˈvaɪz/

-arrive      /əˈraɪv/

-bike           /baɪk/

-bite        /baɪt/

-bride           /braɪd/

-climate   /ˈklaɪmət/

-decide    /dɪˈsaɪd/

-die             /daɪ/

-dive            /daɪv/

-divide         /dɪˈvaɪd/

-drive       /draɪv/

-fine         /faɪn/

-hide         /haɪd/

-hire         /haɪr/

-lie              /laɪ/

-life              /laɪf/

-like          /laɪk/

-line          /laɪn/

-mobile    /ˈməʊbaɪl/    /ˈmoʊbaɪl/

-neither      /ˈnaɪðəʳ/ /ˈniːðəʳ/

-nice         /naɪs/

-polite      /pəˈlaɪt/

-pride       /praɪd/

-private   /ˈpraɪvət/

-prize      /praɪz/

-provide   /prəˈvaɪd/

-quite         /kwaɪt/

-realize      /ˈrɪəlaɪz/

-rice          /raɪs/

-ride          /raɪd/

-rise           /raɪz/

-shine         /ʃaɪn/

-side           /saɪd/

-site            /saɪt/

-size        /saɪz/

-surprised   /sə(r)ˈpraɪzd/ /sərˈpraɪzd/

-survive      /sə(r)ˈvaɪv/ /sərˈvaɪv/

-tie              /taɪ/

-time        /taɪm/

-while       /waɪl/ /hʊaɪl/

-wide        /waɪd/ /ʊaɪd/

-wife         /waɪf/ /ʊaɪf/

-wine         /waɪn/ /ʊaɪn/

-wise          /waɪz/ /ʊaɪz/

-write      /raɪt/

 

The letters ‘igh’ = The sound /aɪ/ = /a^y/

Spelling Pronunciation

-fight              /faɪt/

-flight           /flaɪt/

-high    /haɪ/

-light              /laɪt/

-might            /maɪt/

-night             /naɪt/

-right              /raɪt/

-sigh            /saɪ/

-sight             /saɪt/

-sign            /saɪn/

The letter ‘-y’ = the sound /aɪ/ = /a^y/
Spelling Pronunciation

-buy              /baɪ/

-cry            /kraɪ/

-deny         /dɪˈnaɪ/

-dry              /draɪ/

-fry             /fraɪ/

-my               /maɪ/

-rely             /rɪlaɪ/

-reply   /rɪˈplaɪ/ 

-shy       /ʃaɪ/ 

-sky              /skaɪ/

-why             /waɪ/

The letter ‘i’ = the sound /aɪ/ = /a^y/

Spelling Pronunciation

-climb           /klaɪm/

-decisive     /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

-find              /faɪnd/

-kind             /kaɪnd/

-library        /ˈlaɪbrəri/ /ˈlaɪbri/ /ˈlaɪbrɛri/

-licence        /ˈlaɪsəns/

-mild             /maɪld/

-mind            /maɪnd/

-wild              /waɪld/

Back vowel = palatal	/ɑ/ /hɑt/ /nɑt/
Front vowel = velar	/a/ /faɪn/ /haʊs/
Short vowel = middle	/ʌ/ /kʌt/ /bʌt/

DIPH-THONG /əʊ/ SOUND

APPOXIMATE ISTANBUL TURKISH :

English DIPH-THONGS are SHORTER than Turkish DIPH-THONGS.

Kovmak /koumɑk/ = /ko^wmɑk/ Ov /ou/ = /ow/

*A glide from /ə/ to /ʊ/ = a glide from /ɔ/ to /ʊ/.

The letters ‘o + e’ = the sound /əʊ/ = /oʊ/ = /o^w/
Spelling British English American English

-alone     /əˈləʊn/     /əˈloʊn/

-broke    /brəʊk/     /broʊk/

-close      /kləʊz/     /kloʊz/

-cope    /kəʊp/      /koʊp/

-drove    /drəʊv/    /droʊv/

-episode /ˈepɪsəʊd/  /ˈepəsoʊd/

-home    /həʊm/      /hoʊm/

-hope     /həʊp/        /hoʊp/

-joke      /dʒəʊk/     /dʒoʊk/

-moment  /ˈməʊmənt/    /ˈmoʊmənt/

-noble    /ˈnəʊbl/      /ˈnoʊbl/

-nose    /nəʊz/      /noʊz/

-note      /nəʊt/       /noʊt/

-ocean  /ˈəʊʃən/     /ˈoʊʃən/

-open    /ˈəʊpen/   /ˈoʊpən/

-over    /ˈəʊvər/     /ˈoʊvər/

-owe      /əʊ/           /oʊ/

-phone  /fəʊn/      /foʊn/

-rode    /rəʊd/      /roʊd/

-rose     /rəʊz/      /roʊz/

-spoke   /spəʊk/   /spoʊk/

-stone    /stəʊn/    /stoʊn/

-toe       /təʊ/          /toʊ/

-tone      /təʊn/     /toʊn/

The letters ‘ow’ = the sound /əʊ/ = /oʊ/ = /o^w/

Spelling British English American English

-blow     /bləʊ/            /bloʊ/

-elbow   /ˈelbəʊ/          /ˈɛlboʊ/

-grow     /grəʊ/           /groʊ/

-know     /nəʊ/            /noʊ/

-low        /ləʊ/              /loʊ/

-own      /əʊn/              /oʊn/

-row     /rəʊ/              /roʊ/

-show     /ʃəʊ/             /ʃoʊ/

-slow      /sləʊ/            /sloʊ/

-snow   /snəʊ/           /snoʊ/

-throw    /θrəʊ/            /θroʊ/

 

  The letters ‘oa’ = the sound /əʊ/ = /oʊ/ = /o^w/

Spelling British English American English 

-boat     /bəʊt/              /boʊt/

-coach   /kəʊtʃ/        /koʊtʃ/

-coal     /kəʊl/               /koʊl/

-coast   /kəʊst/        /koʊst/

-coat     /kəʊt/              /koʊt/

-float    /fləʊt/             /floʊt/

-foam    /fəʊm/          /foʊm/

-goal     /gəʊl/              /goʊl/

-goat     /gəʊt/              /goʊt/

-load    /ləʊd/            /loʊd/

-loaf      /ləʊf/               /loʊf/

-local    /ˈləʊkəl/           /ˈloʊkəl/

-oak      /əʊk/                /oʊk/

-road    /rəʊd/              /roʊd/

-soak    /səʊk/          /soʊk/

-soap    /səʊp/           /soʊp/

-toast    /təʊst/              /toʊst/

  The letter ‘o’ = the sound /əʊ/ = /oʊ/ = /o^w/
Spelling British English American English

-ago     /əˈgəʊ/            /əˈgoʊ/ -donˈt    /dəʊnt/          /doʊnt/

-ghost   /gəʊst/           /goʊst/

-go        /gəʊ/             /goʊ/

-hello /həˈləʊ/ /heˈloʊ/

-most    /məʊst/         /moʊst/

-no        /nəʊ/             /noʊ/

-only     /ˈəʊnli/            /ˈoʊnli/

-post     /pəʊst/          /poʊst/

-so         /səʊ/             /soʊ/

-zero   /ˈzɪərəʊ/         /ˈziroʊ/

The letters ‘ol’ = the sound /əʊ/ = /oʊ/ = /o^w/

Spelling British English American English

-bold     /bəʊld/     /boʊld /

-cold      /kəʊld/      /koʊld/

-folk       /fəʊlk/       /foʊlk/

-gold     /gəʊld/       /goʊld/

-hold       /həʊld/     /hoʊld/

-old        /əʊld/        /oʊld/

-scold    /skəʊld/      /skoʊld/

-sold      /səʊld/     /soʊld/

-sole       /səʊl/         /soʊl/

-told               /təʊld/                     /toʊld/

-toll        /təʊl/        /toʊl/

DIPH-THONG /aʊ/ SOUND
APPOXIMATE ISTANBUL TURKISH :

English DIPH-THONGS are SHORTER than Turkish DIPH-THONGS.

Avrupa /ɑwrupɑ/ Av /ɑw/

*A glide from /æ/, /a/ or /ʌ/ to /ʊ/.
The letters ‘ou’ = the sound /aʊ/ = /a^w/
Spelling Pronunciation

-account      /əˈkaʊnt/

-around     /əˈraʊnd/

-bound       /baʊnd/

-count         /kaʊnt/

-doubt     /daʊt/

-found      /faʊnd/

-ground    /graʊnd/

-house         /haʊs/

-mountain    /ˈmaʊntɪn/ /ˈmaʊntən/

-mouse        /maʊs/

-mouth    /maʊθ/

-noun        /naʊn/

-out            /aʊt/

-pound       /paʊnd/

-proud      /praʊd/

-round      /raʊnd/

-shout       /ʃaʊt/

-sound        /saʊnd/

-sour       /ˈsaʊə(r)/ /saʊr/

-south      /saʊθ/
The letters ‘ow’= the sound /aʊ/= /a^w/

Spelling Pronunciation

-bow          /baʊ/

-brown       /braʊn/

-cow           /kaʊ/

-down         /daʊn/

-how           /haʊ/

-now           /naʊ/

-power    /ˈpaʊə(r)/ /paʊr/

-row         /raʊ/

-shower    /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ /ʃaʊr/

-towel     /ˈtaʊəl/

-tower     /ˈtaʊə(r)/

-town        /taʊn/

-vow         /vaʊ/

-vowel     /ˈvaʊəl/