En-glish pho-net-ics

SENTENCE STRESS = FUNCTION WORDS

WORDS	WEAK FORMS	STRONG FORMS
a	/ə/	/eɪ/
am	/m/ /əm/	/æm/
an	/ən/	/æn/
and	/n/ /ən//nd/ /ənd/	/ænd/
are	/əʳ/	/ɑːʳ/
as	/əz/	/æz/
at	/ət/	/æt/
but	/bət/	/bʌt/
can	/kn/  /kən/	/kæn/
could	/kəd/	/kʊd/ /kʊdʒ/
do	/d/ /də/ /dʊ/	/duː/
does	/z/ /dəz/	/dʌz/
for	/fəʳ/	/fɔːʳ/
from	/fm//fəm/ /frəm/	/frɒm/ /frʌm/ /frɑːm/
had	/d/ /əd/ /həd/	/hæd/
has	/z/ /əz/ /həz/	/hæz/
have	/v/ /əv/ /həv/	/hæv/
her	/əʳ/ /həʳ/ /ɜːʳ/	/hɜːʳ/
herself	/əʳˈself/ /həʳˈself/	/hɜːʳˈself/
him	/əm/ /ɪm/	/hɪm/
is	/z/  /s/ /əz/	/ɪz/
just	/dʒəst/	/dʒʌst/
must	/məs/ /məst/	/mʌst/
nor	/nəʳ/	/nɔːʳ/
of	/ə/ /əv/	/ɒv/ /ʌv/ /ɑːv/
or	/əʳ/	/ɔːʳ/
shall	/l/ /ʃl/ /ʃəl/	/ʃæl/
should	/ʃəd/	/ʃʊd/
sir	/səʳ/	/sɜːʳ/
some	/sm/ /səm/	/sʌm/
than	/ðən/	/ðæn/
that(conj)	/ðət/	/ðæt/
the	/ðə/   /ði/	/ðiː/
their	/ðəʳ/	/ðeəʳ/
them	/əm/  /ðəm/	/ðem/
there	/ðə^r/	/ðeə^r/
they’re	/ðəʳ/	/ðeəʳ/  /ðer/
to	/tə/ /tʊ/	/tuː/
unless	/ənˈles/	/ʌnˈles/
until	/ənˈtɪl/	/ʌnˈtɪl/
us	/s/ /əs/	/ʌs/
was	/wəz/	/wɒz/ /wʌz/ /wɑːz/
were	/wəʳ/	/wɜːʳ/
what	/wət/	/wɒt/ /wʌt/ /wɑːt/
will	/l/ /əl/ /wəl/	/wɪl/
would	/d/ /əd/ /wəd/	/wʊd/ /wʊdʒ/
you	/jə/   /jʊ/	/juː/
you’d	/jəd/ /jʊd/	/juːd/
you’ll	/jəl/ /jʊl/	/juːl/
you’re	/jə^r/ /jʊ^r/	/juː^r/ /jɔːʳ/
you’ve	/jəv/ /jʊv/	/juːv/
your	/jəʳ/  /jʊʳ/	/jɔːʳ/
yours	/jəʳz/ /jʊʳz/	/jɔːʳz/
yourself	/jəʳˈself/ /jʊʳˈself/	/jɔːʳˈself/

Phonemic Harmony = Vowel Harmony, Consonant Harmony

be	/bi/	/biː/
been	/bɪn/	/biːn/
he	/i/ /iː/ /hi/	/hiː/
he'd	/id/ /hid/	/hiːd/
he'll	/il/ /hil/	/hiːl/
he's	/iz/ /hiz/	/hiːz/
himself	/ɪmˈself/	/hɪmˈself/
his	/ɪz/	/hɪz/
me	/mi/	/miː/
she	/ʃi/	/ʃiː/
she'd	/ʃid/	/ʃiːd/
she'll	/ʃil/	/ʃiːl/
she's	/ʃiz/	/ʃiːz/
we	/wi/	/wiː/
we'd	/wid/	/wiːd/
we'll	/wil/	/wiːl/
we're	/wir/	/wiːr/
we've	/wiv/	/wiːv/

WHY ‘STRESS HARMONY’ IS IMPORTANT?

*People will understand you if you don’t use CONTRACTIONS when you speak, but CONTRACTIONS help you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand CONTRACTIONS in order to improve your listening skills.

*When people speak quickly, they use WEAK form PRONOUNS, ARTICLES, AUXILIARY VERBS, QUANTIFIERS, CONJUNCTIONS, and PREPOSITIONS. If you know how they sound, it can help your listening.

*If you use STRONG form PRONOUNS, ARTICLES, AUXILIARY VERBS, QUANTIFIERS, CONJUNCTIONS, and PREPOSITIONS in the middle of the sentences when you speak, it will slow you down.

*If you use GRAMMAR WORDS with STRONG FORMS in the sentences, people may think you are RUDE and feeling ANGRY...

ENGLISH = STRESSED LANGUAGE = SCHWA

A /ə/	AN /ən/
WAS /wəz/	WERE /wə^r/
AND /ən^d/	OF /əv/
FROM /frəm/	BUT /bət/
CAN /kən/	COULD /kəd/
TO /tə/	FOR /fə^r/
SENTENCE STRESS

SENTENCE STRESS EXAMPLES

POSITIVE SENTENCES

He used to walk to school.	/hɪ juːs tʊ wɔːk tə skuːl/
I have finished my homework.	/aɪv ˈfɪnɪʃ^tmaɪ ˈhəʊmwɜːʳk/
I used to like my friends.	/aɪ juːs tʊ laɪk maɪ fren^dz/
I was able to speak fluently.	/aɪ wəz ˈeɪbl tə spiːk ˈfluːəntli/
It is very interesting.	/ɪts ˈveri ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ/
It’s been snowing all day.	/ɪts bɪn ˈsnəʊɪŋ ɔːl deɪ/
My car was stolen last year.	/maɪ kɑː^r wəz ˈstəʊlən lɑːs jɪə^r/
My friends visit me on Sunday.	/maɪ fren^dz ˈvɪzɪt mɪ ɒn ˈsʌndeɪ/
My friends visited me.	/maɪ fren^dz ˈvɪzɪtɪd mɪ/
My friends will visit me.	/maɪ fren^dz wəl ˈvɪzɪt mɪ/
She had written her book.	/ʃid ˈrɪtn-ə^rbʊk/
She has written her book.	/ʃiz ˈrɪtn-ə^r bʊk/
She hates listening to music.	/ʃi heɪts ˈlɪsnɪŋ tə ˈmjuːzɪk/
She is going to sing a song.	/ʃiz ˈgəʊɪŋ tə sɪŋ-ə sɒŋ/
She must help her parents.	/ʃi məs^thelp-ə^r ˈperən^ts/
She says that she will come.	/ʃi sez ðət ʃil kʌm/
She will have written her book.	/ʃilv ˈrɪtn-ə^r bʊk/
That boy is my friend.	/ðæt bɔɪz maɪ frend/
They are living in Turkey now.	/ðeɪ^yə^r ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn ˈtɜːʳki nau/
They had been playing football.	/ðeɪd bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔːl/
They have been playing football.	/ðeɪv bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔːl/
They love walking at the beach.	/ðeɪ lʌv ˈwɔːkɪŋ-ət ðə biːtʃ/
They said that we played badly.	/ðeɪ sed ðət wi pleɪd ˈbædli/
They will have been playing it.	/ðeɪlv bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ-ɪt/
Those teachers are at my school.	/ðəʊz ˈtiːtʃəʳz ə^r-ət maɪ skuːl/
We say that he is doing it.	/wi seɪ ðət hiz ˈduːɪŋ-ɪt/

NOTE:

INTENTION	SPELLING	PRONUNCIATION
Positive	I can do it.	/aɪ kən duw ɪt/
Extra Positive	I can do it.	/aɪ kæn duw ɪt/

INTENTION	SPELLING	PRONUNCIATION
Negative	I can’t do it.	/aɪ kɑːn^t duw ɪt/
Extra Negative	I can’t do it.	/aɪ kɑːnt duw ɪt/

SPELLING	BRITISH	AMERICAN
can’t	/kɑːnt/	/kænt/