English as a business language

Questions:

1. 
   What is food spoilage?
   
2. 
   What is the cause of food spoilage process?
   
3. 
   Are bacteria responsible for some spoilage of food? How?
   
4. 
   What are two types of pathogenic bacteria?
   
5. 
   What products does the first type bacterium target?
   
6. 
   What kind of food does Bacillus cereus target?
   
7. 
   What about fungi?
   
8. 
   How are fungi caused by?
   
9. 
   What is mold?
   
10. 
    What are the very well known types of mold?
    
11. 
    What about yeast? How does it grow?
    
12. 
    How does yeast form?
    
13. 
    Can yeasts be responsible for the decomposition of food with a high sugar content?
    
14. 
    What other types of food is the same effect useful?
    
15. 
    What can you say about the signs of food spoilage?
    

Food poisoning. First aid in food poisoning

Food borne illness, more commonly referred to as food poisoning, is the result of eating contaminated, spoiled, or toxic food. It also can be caused when food hasn't been cooked properly. The most common symptoms of food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the source of the infection. Food poisoning symptoms can be anywhere from mild to very serious. Common cases of food poisoning will typically include a few of the following symptoms:

• 
  stomach cramps
  
• 
  diarrhea
  
• 
  nausea
  
• 
  vomiting
  
• 
  loss of appetite
  
• 
  signs of a fever with a high temperature
  
• 
  weakness
  
• 
  headache
  

How long does food poisoning last?
The starting period of food poisoning usually begins within one to two days of eating contaminated food. The length of time it takes for symptoms to appear depends on the source of the infection, but it can range from as little as 30 minutes to as long as 8 weeks. With or without treatment, most cases will resolve in 1 week.


Causes of food poisoning
Most food poisoning can be traced to one of three major causes: bacteria, viruses, allergens.
These pathogens can be found on almost all of the food humans eat. However, heat from cooking usually kills pathogens on food before it reaches our plate. Foods eaten raw are common sources of food poisoning because they don’t go through the cooking process.
Meat, eggs, and dairy products are frequently contaminated. Water may also be contaminated with organisms that cause illness.


First aid in food poisoning

1. 
   If you think someone has food poisoning, advise them to lie down and rest.
   

If they’re vomiting, give them small sips of water to drink as this will help prevent dehydration.
If they have accompanying diarrhea or diarrhea only, it is even more important to try to replace lost fluids and salts.
You can advise them to take an oral rehydration solution as directed on the packet from your local pharmacy. This is particularly important in more vulnerable people such as the elderly, those with other health conditions, and children.

2. 
   When they feel hungry again, advise them to eat light, bland, easily digested foods, such as bread, rice, crackers, or a banana.
   

Do not drink alcohol, caffeine, or fizzy drinks. It is useful to drink lots of water.

3. 
   If they get worse and the vomiting and diarrhea is persistent, particularly in the elderly, babies, or young children, seek medical advice. Call for emergency help.
   

Do not take anti-diarrhea medicines unless specifically advised by a healthcare professional. 

4. 
   To prevent the spread of the infection, always use and encourage good hand hygiene.
   
5. 
   Stay off work or school until at least 48 hours after the last episode of diarrhea or vomiting.