Epidemiology module of practical skills for mbbs student

For this students should be aware of basics of epidemiology in terms of

1. 
   MEASUREMENT OF FREQUENCIES
   
2. 
   CONCEPT OF NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR
   
3. 
   MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
   
4. 
   MEASURES OF DISPERSION
   
5. 
   MEASUREMENTS OF MORBIDITY
   
6. 
   MEASUREMENT OF MORTALITY
   
7. 
   MEASUREMENTS OF FERTILITY
   
8. 
   MEASUREMENTS OF DISABILITY
   

1. MEASUREMENTS OF FREQUENCIES:

Rate, Ratio, and Proportions

1. 
   Rate:
   

The rate is the occurrence of a particular event in a population during a given time period. Example: Crude Death Rate

No. of deaths in one year

Death rate= _____________________ X 1000

Mid- year population

e.g., 24 deaths occurred in a village having mid-year population of 4000
Calculation:

Death rate in that village = 24X1000/4000=6 per 1000 population

Note: Rate comprises the following elements- numerator, denominator, time specification and multiplier. The time dimension is usually a calendar year. The rate is expressed per 1000 or some other round figure selected according to the convenience or convention, to avoid fractions.