| Who gets the disease?
VPDs also tend to occur more in specific ages and sexes. Tables, bars or pie charts are tools that enable analysis across specific age and sex groups. A high proportion of un-immunized VPD cases are a reflection of low immunization coverage in the community. You could also compare incidence and case fatality rate between different reporting units and between public and private sources.
See Figure 10.3.
Step 4: Take action
After analysis and interpretation of data, take action to correct any problems identified to prevent avoidable morbidity and mortality. If you find that there are:
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ƒ More cases than you expect: Conduct an outbreak investigation and response.
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ƒ Cases occurring in vaccinated children: This could be due to over-reporting, vaccination given at the wrong age; incorrect technique of administration or dosage and breaks in the cold chain. Possible interventions to deal with these could be improved supervision, capacity building and strengthening the cold chain.
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ƒ Fewer cases than you expect: This could be due to under-reporting of cases or actual improvement of services. If the latter is true, there is no need for action.
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