Eu risk assessment

Table 3.1.5 17 Local C_addsediment/PEC_totalsediment from Pb battery producing plants in the EU

Plant N°	Emission (kg/d)	Caddlocal water (dissolved) (µg/l) calculated	Caddsediment (mg/kgdw) Calculated (ave/90p)	PECtotalsediment (mg/kgdw) calculated (PECtotalreg: 55.4 mg/kg dw; modelled, generic region)	PECtotalsediment (mg/kgdw) calculated (PECtotalreg: 100.1 mg/kg dw; measured)	PECsediment (mg/kgdw) upstream measured	PECsediment (mg/kgdw) downstream measured	Year	Comments
LDA-32	0.05	0.056	15.4			NA	NA	2000
LDA-32	3.88	0.0008 (ss:0.0005)	0.23 (90P) (ss:0.13)	56 (ss:56)	79 (ss: 79)	NA	NA	2000	Country-specific bg sediment = 78.4 mg/kg dw
LDA-33	3.88	64.2	18733			NA	NA	2003
LDA-33	0.01	0.04	12.93 (90P)	68	113	NA	NA	2003
LDA-34	0.01	1.79	522 (90P)	577	622	No data available	No data available	2000
LDA-35	0.39	5.53	355 (avg)			No data available	No data available	2002	Closed in April 2004
LDA-35	0.31	0.08	22.51(avg)	78	123	No data available	No data available	2002
LDA-36	0.006	0.05	3.4 (90P)			NA	NA	2000	Closed in June2004
LDA-36	0.06	0.001 (ss: 0.001)	2.18 (90P) (ss:0.06)	58 (ss: 55)	102	NA	NA	2000
LDA-37	0.21	3.98	1161 (avg)	1217	1261	10-45 mg/kg dw (year 2003), river sediment	NA	2000
LDA-38	0.13	0.020 (ss:0.0003)	5.96 (ss:0.83)	61 (ss:56)	89	134 mg/kg dw (250 m upstream) (2001 data)	192 (150 m downstream) (2001 data)	2002	Country-specific bg sediment = 83.3 mg/kg dw
LDA-42	0.13	0.46	134.3 (max)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-42	0.11	0.074	21.5 (max)	77	122	NA	NA	2000
LDA-43	0.11	5.49	1602 (90P)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-43	0.037	0.88	256 (90P)	311	339	NA	NA	2000	Country-specific bg sediment = 83.3 mg/kg dw
LDA-44	0.028	3.3	967 (90P)			NA	NA	2002
LDA-44	0.080	0.0099	2.89 (90P)	58	86	NA	NA	2002	Country-specific bg sediment = 83.3 mg/kg dw
LDA-45	0.080	0.18 (ss:0.16)	52.7 (90P) (ss:47.1)	108 (ss: 103)	153	No data available	No data available	2000
LDA-46	0.09	1.84	537 (90P)	593	637	avg: 73.6 mg/kg; 90P: 135 mg/kg september/october 2003; 100-500 m upstream from discharge point, different distances; 5dp (min-max: 23-152)	avg: 351 mg/kg ; 90P: 681 mg/kg) (september/october 2003) 2 -300m from discharge point; different distances; 11dp (min-max: 40-1080)	2000
LDA-47	0.20	0.13	37.2 (90P)	93	137	NA	NA	2000
LDA-48	1.0	7.61	2220 (90P)	2275	2320	446 mg/kg dw; 50 m before discharge point; small river; 1 sample; 7/7/2004; dl: 5 mg/kg dw	61 mg/kg dw; 50 m after discharge point; small river; 1 sample; 7/7/2004; dl: 5 mg/kg dw	2000	Flow rate of first river
LDA-48	0.16	0.69	202 (90P)	257	302	50 mg/kg dw; 50 m before incoming river; measured in large river; 1 sample point; dl: 5 mg/kg dw	28 mg/kg dw; 50 m downstream from confluence rivers; large river; 1 sample; dl: 5 mg/kg dw	2004	Flow rate of final river
LDA-49	0.16	3.05	889 (90P)	944	989	1,190-7,500 (500-1000 m upstream from plant (high geogen and antropogen backgrounds due to lead and zinc smelters)	400-3000 (old data, 250 m SE of plant)	2000	low flow rate small river
LDA-49	0.038	0.42	123 (90P)	178	223	NA	NA	2000	low flow rate large (final) river
LDA-52	0.038	9.2	2687 (avg)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-52	0.0003	0.16	47.0 (avg)	102	125	NA	NA	2000	Country-specific bg sediment = 78.4 mg/kg dw
LDA-53	0.0003	2.76	806.07			NA	NA	2000
LDA-53	0.0003	0.05	15.96	71	94	NA	NA		Country-specific bg sediment = 78.4 mg/kg dw
LDA-54	0.039	0.02 (ss:0.004)	5.37 (ss:1.03)	61 (ss: 56)	105	NA	NA	2000
LDA-55	0.039	7.7	2257(avg)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-55	2.29	0.18	53.5 (avg)	109	137	NA	NA	2000	Country-specific bg sediment = 83.3 mg/kg dw
LDA-57	2.29	1.21	768 (avg)	409	454	NA	NA	2000	Closed in 2003
LDA-58	0.06	0.12 (ss:0.002)	34.9 (ss:0.53)	90 (ss: 56)	118	NA	NA	2000	Country-specific bg sediment = 83.3 mg/kg dw
LDA-59	0.05	9.21	2687(90P)	2742	2787	NA	NA	2000	Plant is closed during RA process
LDA-60	0.05	2.76	806 (90P)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-60	0.05	0.29	85.1 (avg)	141	185	NA	NA	2000
LDA-61	0.038	5.34	1558 (avg)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-61	0.0003	0.055	16.0 (avg)	71	116	NA	NA	2000
LDA-62	0.0003	0.18	53.7 (avg)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-62	0.039	0.00044	0.13 (avg)	56	100	NA	NA	2000
LDA-64	0.039	11.02	3213 (avg)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-64	6.7	0.058	16.9 (90P)	72	117	NA	NA	2000
LDA-71	6.7	12.6	15584 (90P)			NA	NA	2000
LDA-71	0.1	1.96	570.7	626	671	NA	NA	2000
LDA-72	0.06	0.23	66.0	121	166
LDA-96	0.05	0.53	887.43	943	966	NA	NA		Country-specific bg sediment = 78.4 mg/kg dw
LDA-97	0.05	0.15	43.5			NA	NA
LDA-97	0.05	0.02	6.5	62	85	NA	NA		Country-specific bg sediment = 78.4 mg/kg dw
LDA-102	0.07	0.17	50.5			NA	NA	2000
LDA-102	0.07	0.027	7.87	63	108	NA	NA	2000

Lead oxide production (4 sites)

An overview of the calculated local Pb concentrations in the aquatic compartment (water and sediment) is presented in Table 3.1.5-7, Table 3.1.5-8. From these tables it can be concluded that for Pb oxide producers in Europe:

Water and sediment

• 
  Daily emissions to surface water vary between 0.0013 kg Pb/d (LDA-20) and 0.055 kg Pb/d (LDA-22). Most companies stated however that during lead oxide production no contaminated water is generated since it concerns a total 'dry' process. The waste water emitted by these companies is mainly treated rainwater from the site and/or water from cleaning operations. LDA-20 states that it discharges their waste water to a municipal STP. For this site two scenarios have been performed; one without STP (direct discharge, worst case situation) and one with municipal STP (after STP, real case).
  

• 
  The on-site WWTP lead removal efficiency is not available for site LDA-22. For other sites, no on-site treatment is taken place. For the municipal sewage treatment plant a removal efficiency of 84% is assumed.
  
• 
  Total Pb concentrations in effluent vary between 0.00062 mg/l (LDA-21, sea) and 1.02 mg/l (LDA-22). Taking into account the real case situation i.e. a second treatment step in a municipal STP for site LDA-20 the Pb concentration in effluent is reduced to 4.89E-07 mg/l (removal of Pb and additional dilution in STP).
  
• 
  Dilution factors vary between 10 (default fresh water) and 1000 (maximum site specific dilution factor). The real site specific dilution factor for site LDA-22 is 58,881. Site specific dilution factors were derived for 2 sites.
  
• 
  Added local dissolved Pb concentrations in water vary between 1.85E-07 µg/l (LDA-20, sea after STP treatment, default dilution factor) and 0.19 µg/l (LDA-22, river, maximum site specific dilution factor). Taking into account the real dilution factor for site LDA-22 lowers the concentration to 0.003 µg/l. The Pb concentrations in surface water due to direct discharge of effluents that are eventually treated in a STP are not considered (no real cases). Calculated PEC_total levels in surface water vary between 0.05 µg/l (regional background marine environment = 0.05 µg/l) and 0.73 µg/l.
  
• 
  Added local Pb concentrations in sediment vary between 0.0003 mg/kg dw (LDA-20, sea after STP treatment, default dilution factor) and 54.8 mg/kg dw (LDA-22, river, site specific dilution factor). Taking into account the real dilution factor for site LDA-22 lowers the concentration to 0.93 mg/kg dw. Calculated PEC_total levels in sediment vary between 55 mg/kg dw and 110 mg/kg dw (scenario 1; regional background modelled = 55.4 mg/kg dw, no historic contamination). Calculated PEC_total levels in sediment vary between 53.2 mg/kg dw and 138 mg/kg dw (scenario 2; measured regional background, includes historic contamination).
  
• 
  Measured Pb concentrations in surface water are available for LDA-22. Upstream and downstream Pb concentrations of 7.8 µg/l (90P value) (average: 5.2 µg/l (min-max: 2-14 µg/l, 12dp, 1995-1996, assumed total lead)) and 8.9 µg/l (90P value) (average: 5.6 µg/l (min-max: 2-12 µg/l, 12dp, 1995-1996, assumed total lead) respectively were reported.
  
• 
  Measured Pb concentrations in sediment are availablefor LDA-22. Upstream and downstream Pb concentrations of 53.1 mg/kg (90P value) (average: 34.5 mg/kg, (min-max: 13-60 mg/kg, 4dp, 95-96, 2000, 2001, 30km upstream from plant) and 78.7 mg/kg (90P value) (average: 56.0 mg/kg, (min-max: 28-79 mg/kg, 4dp, 95-96, 2000, 2001, 30km downstream from plant)) respectively were reported.