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the evidential does not consistently express past tense meaning and is marked for non-
confirmativity.
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the use of the evidential marker
ekan/eken in
Uzbek and Kazakh, as well as the somewhat rarer
emish/-mIs. The first section
covers the use
and meaning of these markers in both declarative and interrogative contexts, and provides an
account their semantic and morphosyntactic properties. The following
section examines the
temporal properties of these morphemes, which are not immediately predictable from the origins
of this morpheme, and discusses the relationship between the evidential marker and the
converbial past marker (Uz: -
(i)b, Kaz: -
(I)p) within the past tense paradigm. In the third
section, we examine the interaction between the evidential and other verbal categories. The
well-known
interaction between
MODALITY
/
STATUS
and
EVIDENTIALITY
is manifested in Uzbek
and Kazakh via the participation of the evidential in the confirmative paradigm.
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